The Association between eGFR and the Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio and Its Effect on Screening for Primary Aldosteronism

Table 1

General characteristics in essential hypertension and primary aldosteronism patients.

	EH			PA
	ALL	GFR < 90	GFR ≥ 90	ALL	GFR < 90	GFR ≥ 90
	(n = 689)	(n = 344)	(n = 345)	(n = 102)	(n = 49)	(n = 53)
Age (year)	51.2 ± 1.0	62.7 ± 1.2	42.9 ± 1.3	54.1 ± 0.9	57.3 ± 1.3	51.6 ± 1.3^§
Gender (M/F)	150/152	61/67	79/85	68/70	38/24	30/46
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.5 ± 7.2	27.0 ± 7.5	27.9 ± 7.8	26.8 ± 4.9	27.0 ± 4.5	26.5 ± 4.7
Year of HT (year)	4 (1–9)	4 (1–11)	3 (1–8)	5 (2–10)	6 (3–11)	4 (2–8)^§
eGFR (ml/min/h)	89.5 ± 18.6	64.6 ± 20.0	108.4 ± 19.9	91.0 ± 19.6	74.7 ± 1 8.7	104.4 ± 18.1
SBP (mmHg)	132.2 ± 19.1	134.6 ± 18.7	130.3 ± 18.5	141.4 ± 18.6	143.0 ± 20.1	139.3 ± 20.5^§
DBP (mmHg)	79.9 ± 10.7	79.8 ± 11.0	80.0 ± 10.8	85.7 ± 12.0	87.3 ± 11.4	83.7 ± 12.5^§
Serum K^+ (mmol/L)	4.0 ± 2.1	4.2 ± 2.1	4.0 ± 2.2	3.3 ± 2.1	3.4 ± 1.9	3.3 ± 1.8
BUN (mmol/L)	5.8 ± 1.5	6.8 ± 1.8	5.0 ± 1.4	5.5 ± 1.4	6.5 ± 1.8	4.9 ± 1.3
Scr (umol/L)	75.8 ± 15.3	92.4 ± 17.0	64.5 ± 13.0	72.9 ± 16.9	90.6 ± 18.2	60.9 ± 11.7
FBG (mmol/L)	5.3 ± 2.1	5.4 ± 2.2	5.3 ± 2.0	5.5 ± 2.1	5.6 ± 2.0	5.4 ± 2.2
ARR^+ (ng/dl per ng/ml/h)	11.0 (6.4–20.0)	10.7 (5.9–14.0)	13.7 (7.7–30.0)	98.8 (59.6–207.4)	68.7 (40.3–135.0)	122.6^§$(79.7–262.5)
PRA^+(ng/ml/h)	1.0 (0.6–2.0)	1.3 (0.9–2.4)	0.8 (0.4–1.9)	0.2 (0.1–0.3)	0.3 (0.1–0.5)	0.2^§(0.1-0.2)
PAC^+ (ng/dl)	1.351 (0.846–1.529)	1.333 (0.806–1.556)	1.359 (0.946–1.508)	1.814 (1.721–2.239)	1.804 (1721–2.230)	1.856 (1.725-2.254)

Continuous data are expressed as means ± standard deviation. ⁺Variables were log-transformed before statistical analysis; numbers in the table were back-transformed as median (interquartile range). Significant difference between GFR ≥90 and GFR <90 groups in EH () or PA (^§). Significant difference between GFR ≥ 90 and GFR < 90 groups in EH (^#) or PA (^$) after adjustment for age, gender, and hypertension duration (). ARR, aldosterone-to-renin ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EH, essential hypertension; PA, primary aldosteronism; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Scr, serum creatinine.