| Reference | Design | Country | Population | Age | TyG, n | Ref. Study, n |
| Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp | | | | | 6422 | 678 | Guerrerro-Romero, [10] | Cross sectional | Mexico | Nondiabetic and diabetic adults | 39.9 ± 9.3 | 99 | 99 | Vasques, [11] | Cross sectional | Brasil | Nondiabetic and diabetic adults | 47.3 ± 14.6 | 82 | 82 | Bastard, [4] | Cohort study | France | Overweight postmenopausal women | 57.3 ± 0.4 | 163 | 163 | Guerrerro-Romero, [12] | Cross sectional | Mexico | Nondiabetic young adults | 19.2 ± 1.4 | 5538 | 75 | Qu, [13] | Cross sectional | China | Mixed population | Control 27 ± 4, 59 ± 10, PCOS 28 ± 6, IGT 59 ± 10, T2DM 58 ± 9 | 483 | 202 | Almeda-Valdés, [5] | Cross sectional | Mexico | Nondiabetic adults | 32.9 ± 11 | 57 | 57 |
| HOMA-IR | | | | | 63,500 | 63,500 | Simental-Mendía, [7] | Cross sectional | Mexico | Nondiabetic adults | 41.4 ± 11.2 | 748 | 748 | Du, [14] | Cross sectional | China | Nondiabetic adults | 50.6 (39.3–60.7)M, 51 (40.3–60.6)F | 7629 | 7629 | Lee, [15] | Cross sectional | Korea | Nondiabetic adults | 42.4 ± 0.3M, 44.1 ± 0.3F | 17029 | 17029 | Er, [16] | Cross sectional | Taiwan | Nondiabetic adults | 43 (38.1–50)M, 46 (40–51.2)F | 511 | 511 | Guerrero-Romero, [12] | Cross sectional | Mexico | Nondiabetic adults | 19.2 ± 1.4 | 5538 | 5538 | Mazidi, [17] | Cross sectional | China | General population | 47.6 | 18318 | 18318 | Thota, [18] | Cross sectional | Australia | Nondiabetic elderly adults | 77.78 ± 7.16 | 486 | 486 | Lim, [19] | Cross sectional | Korea | Nondiabetic adults | 45.2 ± 15.0M, 44.3 ± 14.6F | 11149 | 11149 | Dorota-Łojko, [20] | Cross sectional | Poland | Nondiabetic and diabetic adults with bipolar disorder | 58.1 ± 11.7 | 88 | 88 |
| Other surrogates | | | | | 2004 | 2004 | Salazar, [21] | Cross sectional | Venezuela | Nondiabetic adults | 39.6 ± 15.3 | 2004 | 2004 |
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