Research Article
The Prevalence of Single and Multiple Thyroid Nodules and Its Association with Metabolic Diseases in Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 4
Association between metabolic diseases and multiple thyroid nodules analyzed by univariable logistic regression (N = 2961).
| | | Total | Male | Female | | STN (N, %) | MTN (N, %) | OR (95% CI) | value | STN (N, %) | MTN (N, %) | OR (95% CI) | value | STN (N, %) | MTN (N, %) | OR (95% CI) | value |
| | BMI (kg/m2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 18.5∼23.9 | 654 (58.9) | 457 (41.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 289 (66.7) | 144 (33.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 365 (53.8) | 313 (46.2) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | 24∼27.9 | 735 (56.1) | 575 (43.9) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 0.17 | 502 (61.9) | 309 (38.1) | 1.24 (0.97–1.58) | 0.09 | 233 (46.7) | 266 (53.3) | 1.33 (1.06–1.68) | 0.02 | | ≥28 | 296 (54.8) | 244 (45.2) | 1.18 (0.96–1.45) | 0.12 | 204 (58.5) | 145 (41.5) | 1.43 (1.07–1.91) | 0.02 | 92 (48.2) | 99 (51.8) | 1.26 (0.91–1.73) | 0.17 | | Hypertension | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No | 1253 (58.3) | 898 (41.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 710 (64.5) | 390 (35.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 543 (51.7) | 508 (48.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Yes | 432 (53.3) | 378 (46.7) | 1.22 (1.04–1.44) | 0.02 | 285 (57.8) | 208 (42.2) | 1.33 (1.07–1.65) | 0.01 | 147 (46.4) | 170 (53.6) | 1.24 (0.96–1.59) | 0.10 | | Central obesity (cm) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Male <90; female <85 | 979 (58.3) | 700 (41.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 493 (64.4) | 273 (35.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 486 (53.2) | 427 (46.8) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Male ≥90; female ≥85 | 706 (55.1) | 576 (44.9) | 1.14 (0.99–1.32) | 0.08 | 502 (60.7) | 325 (39.3) | 1.17 (0.95–1.43) | 0.13 | 204 (44.8) | 251 (55.2) | 1.40 (1.12–1.76) | <0.01 | | High TG | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <1.73 | 997 (56.6) | 764 (43.4) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 472 (62.4) | 285 (37.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 525 (52.3) | 479 (47.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | ≥1.73 | 688 (57.3) | 512 (42.7) | 0.97 (0.84–1.13) | 0.70 | 523 (62.6) | 313 (37.4) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | 0.93 | 165 (45.3) | 199 (54.7) | 1.32 (1.04–1.68) | 0.02 | | High TC (mmol/L) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <5.7 | 1262 (57.8) | 923 (42.2) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 730 (62.0) | 448 (38.0) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 532 (52.8) | 475 (47.2) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | ≥5.7 | 423 (54.5) | 353 (45.5) | 1.14 (0.97–1.35) | 0.12 | 265 (63.9) | 150 (36.1) | 0.92 (0.73–1.16) | 0.50 | 158 (43.8) | 203 (56.2) | 1.44 (1.13–1.83) | <0.01 | | Low HDL-C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ≥0.9 | 1593 (56.6) | 1222 (43.4) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 921 (62.6) | 550 (37.4) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 672 (50.0) | 672 (50.0) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | <0.9 | 92 (63.0) | 54 (37.0) | 0.77 (0.54–1.08) | 0.13 | 74 (60.7) | 48 (39.3) | 1.09 (0.74–1.59) | 0.67 | 18 (75.0) | 6 (25.0) | 0.33 (0.13–0.85) | 0.02 | | High LDL-C | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <3.1 | 1477 (58.1) | 1066 (41.9) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 854 (62.9) | 504 (37.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 623 (52.6) | 562 (47.4) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | ≥3.1 | 208 (49.8) | 210 (50.2) | 1.40 (1.14–1.72) | <0.01 | 141 (60.0) | 94 (40.0) | 1.13 (0.85–1.50) | 0.40 | 67 (36.6) | 116 (63.4) | 1.92 (1.39–2.65) | <0.01 | | DM (mmol/L) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Normal | 929 (59.3) | 638 (40.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 505 (64.2) | 282 (35.8) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 424 (54.4) | 356 (45.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | IGR | 464 (54.5) | 388 (45.5) | 1.22 (1.03–1.44) | 0.02 | 290 (62.1) | 177 (37.9) | 1.09 (0.86–1.39) | 0.46 | 174 (45.2) | 211 (54.8) | 1.44 (1.13–1.85) | <0.01 | | DM | 292 (53.9) | 250 (46.1) | 1.25 (1.02–1.52) | 0.03 | 200 (59.0) | 139 (41.0) | 1.25 (0.96–1.62) | 0.10 | 92 (45.3) | 111 (54.7) | 1.44 (1.05–1.96) | 0.02 | | HUA (μmol/L) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Male ≤420; female ≤350 | 1220 (57.2) | 913 (42.8) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 631 (62.4) | 381 (37.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 589 (52.5) | 532 (47.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Male >420; female >350 | 465 (56.2) | 363 (43.8) | 1.04 (0.89–1.23) | 0.61 | 364 (62.7) | 217 (37.3) | 0.99 (0.80–1.22) | 0.91 | 101 (40.9) | 146 (59.1) | 1.60 (1.21–2.12) | <0.01 | | MS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No | 1116 (57.3) | 833 (42.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 569 (63.5) | 327 (36.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 547 (51.9) | 506 (48.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Yes | 569 (56.2) | 443 (43.8) | 1.04 (0.90–1.22) | 0.59 | 426 (61.1) | 271 (38.9) | 1.11 (0.90–1.36) | 0.33 | 143 (45.4) | 172 (54.6) | 1.30 (1.01–1.67) | 0.04 | | Fatty liver | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No | 1046 (56.9) | 792 (43.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 506 (62.7) | 301 (37.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | 540 (52.4) | 491 (47.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 | | Yes | 639 (56.9) | 484 (43.1) | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | 1.00 | 489 (62.2) | 297 (37.8) | 1.02 (0.83–1.25) | 0.84 | 150 (44.5) | 187 (55.5) | 1.37 (1.07–1.76) | 0.01 |
|
|
Note: STN: single thyroid nodule; MTN: multiple thyroid nodules; BMI: body mass index; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IGR: sugar adjustment; DM: diabetes mellitus; HUA: hyperuricemia; MS: metabolic syndrome.
|
