International Journal of Endocrinology / 2020 / Article / Tab 1 / Research Article
Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study Table 1 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and controls.
T2DMG (n = 177) CG (n = 146) valueAge, years (mean ± SD) 65.6 ± 8.6 65.0 ± 9.1 0.520 Gender 0.070 Female 114 (64.4%) 80 (54.7%) Male 63 (35.5 %) 66 (45.2%) Ethnicity Caucasians 149 (84.2%) 139 (95.2%) 0.440 Mulatto/black 26 (14.6%) 5 (3.42%) <0.010 BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) 29.2 ± 4.89 26.2 ± 3.10 <0.010 Waist circumference, cm (mean ± SD) 99.7 ± 11.0 89.3 ± 10.0 <0.010 Menopause 111 (95.6%) 69 (86.2%) 0.090 Current smoking 12 (6.77%) 6 (4.10%) 0.720 Alcohol intake 9 (5.08%) NA NA Calcium intake, mg/day (mean ± SD) 403 ± 3.5 651 ± 3.8 <0.010 Unhealthy diet 78 (44%) 43 (29.4%) 0.020 Comorbidities Dyslipidemia 154 (87.0%) 35 (27.7%) <0.001 Hypertension 145 (82.0%) 39 (30.3%) <0.010 Hypothyroidism 50 (28.2%) 16 (12.4%) <0.001 Complications Any complications 107 (60.4%) NA Cardiovascular disease 53 (29.9%) NA Retinopathy 52 (29.3%) NA Peripheral neuropathy 50 (28.2%) NA Nephropathy 45.0 (25.4%) NA Treatment of diabetes Metformin 153 (86.4%) NA Insulin plus oral agent 98 (55.3 %) NA Oral agent only 56 (31.5 %) NA Insulin only 22 (12.4%) NA Biochemical analysis Glucose, mg/dL (mean ± SD) 162 ± 68.4 93 ± 18.5 <0.001 Creatinine, mg/dL (mean ± SD) 1.18 ± 1.1 0.92 ± 0.23 <0.001 Glomerular filtration rate (MDRD), ml/min/1.73 m2 (mean ± SD) 71.0 ± 19.0 78.0 ± 15.0 <0.010 Calcium, mg/dL (mean ± SD) 9.41 ± 0.9 9.38 ± 0.47 <0.001 Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mean ± SD) 171.6 ± 50.2 NA NA Triglycerides, mg/dL (mean ± SD) 154.1 ± 103.4 NA NA LDL cholesterol mg/dL (mean ± SD) 96.8 ± 39.1 NA NA PTH, pg/mL (mean ± SD) 72.7 ± 50.5 NA NA Vitamin D, ng/mL (mean ± SD) 29.6 ± 13.3 NA NA Deficient (<20 ng/mL) 80 (45.1%) NA NA Insufficient (21 a 29 ng/mL) 47 (26.6%) NA NA Normal (≥30 ng/mL) 50 (28.2%) NA NA HbA1c (NGSP) (mean ± SD) 8.5% ± 5.7 NA NA Albuminuria (>30 mg/g·cr) 49 (36.1%) NA NA
Unhealthy dietary habits, <6 servings of fruits and vegetables/daily; statistical significance,
. The data are described as absolute and relative (%) frequency or mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: T2DMG, diabetes mellitus group; CG, control group; BMI, body mass index; PTH, parathyroid hormone; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; NGSP, national glycohemoglobin standardization program; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease; mg/g Cr, milligram per gram of creatinine.