International Journal of Endocrinology

Research Article

Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Table 3

Variables associated with the presence or absence of sarcopenia in participants in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group (T2DMG).


	T2DMGS+ (n = 23)	T2DMGS− (n = 154)

Age, years (mean ± SD)	68.8 ± 11.0	65.1 ± 8.2	0.12
BMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)	30.0 ± 4.7	29.1 ± 4.8	0.39
Abnormal waist circumference	14 (60.8%)	8 (35.7%)	0.54
T2DM duration, years (mean ± SD)	18.7 ± 9.9	14.9 ± 7.7	0.06
Current smoking	8 (35.7%)	15 (65.2%)	0.84
Calcium intake, mg/day (mean ± SD)	508.48	388.36	0.47
Unhealthy diet	15 (65.2%)	63 (41.9%)	0.01
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation	12 (52.1%)	50 (32.4%)	0.06
Multivitamin supplementation	4 (17.3%)	19 (82.6%)	0.08
Hypertension	18 (78.2%)	5 (21.7%)	0.62
Hypothyroidism	9 (39.1%)	14 (26.6%)	0.21
Dyslipidemia	18 (78.2%)	5 (88.3%)	0.18
Depression	3 (13.0%)	20 (86.9%)	0.70
Arthrosis	7 (30.4%)	16 (69.5%)	0.11
COPD	2 (8.69%)	21 (91.3%)	1.00
Myocardial infarction	4 (18.1%)	18 (1.29%)	0.50
Retinopathy	8 (35.7%)	15 (65.2%)	0.54
Albuminuria	11 (50%)	38 (26%)	0.02
Glomerular filtration rate (MDRD) ml/min/1.73 m² (mean ± SD)	71.49 ± 24.74	68.40 ± 18.17	0.19
Vitamin D, ng/mL (mean ± SD)	27.6 ± 10.6	29.7 ± 13.4	0.51
HbA1c, % (mean ± SD)	7.9% ± 1.5	8.5% ± 6.1	0.41
Gait speed, m/s (mean ± SD)	0.79 ± 0.1	1.22 ± 0.3	<0.010
Osteoporosis (%)	8 (34%)	21 (14%)	0.01
Wrist fracture (%)	4(17%)	7 (4%)	0.03
HGS (kg)	16.02 ± 5.68	27.75 ± 10.27	<0.001
ALM	16.23 ± 5.04	20.92 ± 6.78	<0.001
ALM/BMI	0.54 ± 0.12	0.73 ± 0.23	<0.001

The information on associated diseases was retrospectively retrieved from medical records through the participants’ medical history using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HGS, handgrip strength; ALM, appendicular lean mass; BMI, body mass index; T2DMGS+, T2DM patients with sarcopenia and T2DMGS−, T2DM patients without sarcopenia.