Acute Effects of Insulin on Cardiac Function in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Applicability and Feasibility

Table 3

Cardiac echocardiographic parameters during EHC.

LVF parameter		Baseline	Step 1	Step 2
Systolic	LV EF (%)	67.6 ± 2.0	73.9 ± 3.5^#	74.5 ± 3.8
	LVFS (%)	36.9 ± 1.6	41.3 ± 2.1^#	43.0 ± 2.2
Diastolic	E wave (cm/sec)	82.3 ± 8.6	80.2 ± 8.7^§	84.2 ± 10.0^§
	A wave (cm/sec)	65.7 ± 5.2	60 ± 5.2^§	65.4 ± 4.1^§
	E/A	1.31 ± 0.19	1.35 ± 0.18^§	1.3 ± 0.16^§
	E deceleration time (msec)	204 ± 13.5	252.2 ± 34.9^§	295 ± 61.8^§
	E′ (cm)	10.6 ± 0.9	11.1 ± 0.9^§	11.1 ± 1.1^§
	E′ medial (cm)	8.8 ± 0.9	9.5 ± 0.8^∧	9.0 ± 1.0^§
	E′ lateral (cm)	12.3 ± 1.0	13.0 ± 0.9^§	13.4 ± 1.2^§
	A′ (cm)	7.9 ± 0.3	9.5 ± 0.5^⊗	10.1 ± 0.4
	A′ medial (cm)	6.6 ± 0.3	8.6 ± 0.3^@	9.5 ± 0.5^#
	A′ lateral (cm)	9.2 ± 0.5	10.8 ± 0.6^##	10.75 ± 0.3^#
	E/E′	7.8 ± 0.5	7.5 ± 0.4^§	7.6 ± 0.6^§

Versus baseline: ; ; ; ; . Versus Step 1: . ^§.