Research Article
Diabetes and Risk of Post-Fragility Hip Fracture Outcomes in Elderly Patients
Table 1
Comparison of general characteristics of the two groups of patients.
| | | Nondiabetic (N = 483) | Diabetic (N = 161) | value |
| | Demographics | | | | | Age (years) | 78.0 ± 8.6 | 77.3 ± 7.6 | 0.310 | | Gender (n (%)) | | | 0.066 | | Male | 170 (35.2) | 44 (27.4) | | | Female | 313 (64.8) | 117 (72.7) | | | Substance use (n (%)) | | | | | Smoking habit | 81 (16.8) | 13 (8.1) | 0.007 | | Alcohol misuse | 51 (10.6) | 17 (10.6) | 1.000 | | Laboratory test | | | | | Haemoglobin (g/l) | 113.0 ± 19.2 | 114.0 ± 20.4 | 0.568 | | Serum albumin (g/l) | 36.8 ± 4.6 | 37.6 ± 4.0 | 0.035 | | eGFR (ml min−1·1.73 m−2) | 75.4 ± 21.1 | 70.6 ± 24.3 | 0.027 | | BMD at the neck of the femur (g/cm3) | 0.55 ± 0.22 | 0.59 ± 0.22 | 0.193 | | BMD at the spine (g/cm3) | 0.50 ± 0.35 | 0.54 ± 0.37 | 0.255 | | Charlson comorbidity index (n (%)) | | | 0.891 | | 0–2 | 441 (91.3) | 145 (90.1) | | | 3-4 | 39 (8.1) | 15 (9.3) | | | 5–6 | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | | | Mean | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.051 | | Comorbidity (n (%)) | | | | | Hypertension | 195 (40.4) | 114 (70.8) | <0.001 | | Coronary artery disease | 69 (14.3) | 37 (23.0) | 0.010 | | Cardiac failure | 29 (6.0) | 10 (6.2) | 0.924 | | Cerebrovascular accidents | 68 (14.1) | 29 (18.0) | 0.227 | | Kidney disease | 23 (4.8) | 18 (11.2) | 0.004 | | Respiratory disease | 63 (13.0) | 19 (11.8) | 0.682 | | Gastrointestinal diseases | 32 (6.6) | 5 (3.1) | 0.176 | | Cancer | 27 (5.6) | 9 (5.6) | 1.000 | | Previous fracture (n (%)) | 55 (11.4) | 18 (11.2) | 0.943 | | Preinjury activity (n (%)) | | | 0.348 | | Grade I | 380 (90.7) | 134 (91.8) | | | Grade II | 31 (7.4) | 9 (6.2) | | | Grade III | 8 (1.9) | 2 (1.4) | | | Grade IV | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | | | Fracture type (n (%)) | | | 0.689 | | Femoral neck | 282 (58.6) | 92 (57.1) | | | Trochanteric | 193 (40.0) | 65 (40.4) | | | Subtrochanteric | 7 (1.4) | 4 (2.5) | | | Time awaiting surgery (days) | 5.0 (4.0–8.0) | 6.0 (5.0–8.0) | 0.031 | | Therapeutic regimen (n (%)) | | | 0.47 | | No surgery | 106 (21.9) | 31 (19.3) | | | Underwent surgery | 377 (78.1) | 130 (80.7) | | | Surgical treatment (n (%)) | | | 0.238 | | Internal fixation | 76 (20.2) | 34 (26.2) | | | Hemiarthroplasty | 153 (40.6) | 54 (41.5) | | | Total hip replacement | 148 (39.3) | 42 (32.3) | | | Antiosteoporosis medication (n (%)) | | | | | Prescribed after hip fracture | 146 (34.8) | 50 (34.2) | 0.896 | | Continuous users in the 12 months | 80 (19.1) | 25 (17.1) | 0.598 |
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Data are represented as mean (SD), median (IQR), or n (%). eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMD, bone mineral density.
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