Increased Serum Leptin Level Predicts Bone Mineral Density in Hemodialysis Patients
Table 1
Baseline characteristics by categories of bone density in our study.
Characteristics
All patients (n = 98)
Normal (n = 60)
Osteopenia (n = 25)
Osteoporosis (n = 13)
value
Age (years)
66.28 ± 9.40
64.15 ± 9.27
69.84 ± 9.33
69.23 ± 7.74
0.017
Hemodialysis duration (months)
56.52 (24.18–110.85)
48.24 (21.63–103.62)
69.84 (26.94–129.48)
80.40 (28.56–123.42)
0.247
Height (cm)
159.27 ± 8.16
161.88 ± 7.87
156.20 ± 7.14
153.08 ± 6.10
<0.001
Prehemodialysis body weight (kg)
62.51 ± 14.71
67.98 ± 14.34
56.62 ± 11.08
48.61 ± 7.83
<0.001
Post-hemodialysis body weight (kg)
60.47 ± 14.34
65.78 ± 13.88
54.82 ± 11.10
46.83 ± 7.73
<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)
90.98 ± 11.92
94.87 ± 11.48
88.02 ± 9.09
78.77 ± 8.99
<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)
23.70 ± 4.70
25.04 ± 4.68
22.42 ± 4.10
19.97 ± 3.14
<0.001
Lumbar bone mineral density (g/cm2)
0.93 ± 0.19
1.05 ± 0.13
0.78 ± 0.07
0.65 ± 0.05
<0.001
Lumbar T-score
-0.71 ± 1.58
0.30 ± 1.03
-1.90 ± 0.55
-3.08 ± 0.49
<0.001
Lumbar Z-score
0.52 ± 1.05
1.08 ± 0.77
-0.07 ± 0.60
-0.92 ± 0.80
<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
141.59 ± 25.55
144.83 ± 24.10
140.48 ± 28.61
128.77 ± 23.51
0.117
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
75.20 ± 15.64
76.45 ± 15.06
74.24 ± 12.21
71.31 ± 23.22
0.532
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
142.73 ± 33.68
138.77 ± 34.08
147.48 ± 32.48
151.92 ± 33.60
0.320
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
114.50 (86.25–182.50)
132.50 (99.25–199.50)
95.00 (84.00–132.00)
101.00 (59.00–126.00)
0.015
Glucose (mg/dL)
133.00 (111.00–175.50)
141.00 (110.25–192.75)
128.00 (112.50–156.50)
132.00 (108.50–160.50)
0.410
Albumin (mg/dL)
4.10 ± 0.36
4.16 ± 0.36
4.07 ± 0.36
3.88 ± 0.31
0.044
Globulin (mg/dL)
3.13 ± 0.55
3.12 ± 0.46
3.21 ± 0.77
3.07 ± 0.49
0.708
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)
59.58 ± 14.19
59.67 ± 13.81
57.92 ± 14.90
62.38 ± 15.21
0.658
Creatinine (mg/dL)
9.20 ± 1.99
9.51 ± 1.96
8.76 ± 1.96
8.58 ± 2.03
0.139
Total calcium (mg/dL)
9.00 ± 0.67
8.97 ± 0.65
9.21 ± 0.71
8.78 ± 0.61
0.129
Phosphorus (mg/dL)
4.68 ± 1.27
4.80 ± 1.15
4.45 ± 1.42
4.60 ± 1.53
0.504
Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)
185.00 (66.60–372.93)
155.55 (57.53–273.15)
306.70 (71.85–466.90)
291.40 (73.15–553.65)
0.067
Leptin (ng/mL)
11.80 (4.40–53.10)
23.78 (8.41–72.06)
10.92 (3.29–33.70)
1.39 (0.89–2.44)
0.017
Urea reduction rate
0.74 ± 0.04
0.72 ± 0.04
0.75 ± 0.04
0.76 ± 0.04
0.004
Kt/V (gotch)
1.34 ± 0.16
1.30 ± 0.15
1.40 ± 0.17
1.42 ± 0.15
0.004
Female (%)
50 (51.0)
22 (36.7)
16 (64.0)
12 (92.3)
<0.001
Values for continuous variables given as means ± standard deviation and test by the one-way analysis of variance; variables not normally distributed are given as medians and interquartile range and test by the Kruskal–Wallis analysis; values are presented as number (%), and analysis was performed using the chi-square test. was considered statistically significant. Kt/V, fractional clearance index for urea.
