International Journal of Endocrinology

Research Article

Association between Parent’s Metabolic Syndrome and 12- to18-Year-Old Offspring’s Overweight: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES) 2009–2016

Table 1

Characteristics and laboratory data according to obesity in 12- to 18-year-olds Korean adolescents and their parents.


	Normal	Overweight	-value

Number	2673	467
Male	53.0 (1.1)	51.8 (2.6)	0.6656
Age	15.2 ± 0.04	15.3 ± 0.1	0.7011
Height	165.2 ± 0.1	166.0 ± 0.4	0.1369
Weight	55.2 ± 0.2	76.6 ± 0.7	<0.0001
BMI	20.1 ± 0.06	27.6 ± 0.1	<0.0001
WC	68.7 ± 0.1	85.9 ± 0.4	<0.0001
Average sleep time	7.1 ± 0.03	6.9 ± 0.07	0.0063
Smoking (lifelong smoking)	18.0 (0.8)	18.6 (2.1)	0.8013
Drinking (lifelong drinking)	39.8 (1.1)	41.1 (2.6)	0.6488
Walking time	50.5 (1.1)	52.2 (2.7)	0.5562
Low income	9.9 (0.7)	13.6 (2.0)	0.0543

Father	1915	329
Age	46.8 ± 0.1	46.6 ± 0.3	0.5918
BMI	24.2 ± 0.08	25.9 ± 0.1	<0.0001
WC	84.7 ± 0.2	88.4 ± 0.5	<0.0001
SBP	118.4 ± 0.3	121.2 ± 0.8	0.0042
DBP	80.7 ± 0.2	82.9 ± 0.6	0.0015
GLU	99.8 ± 0.6	104.4 ± 1.4	0.0029
TG∗	131.2 (127.7–134.8)	145.0 (135.6–155.0)	0.0073
HDL	46.8 ± 0.2	45.8 ± 0.6	0.1809
LDL	116.4 ± 0.8	114.9 ± 2.0	0.5067
TC	193.1 ± 0.8	193.7 ± 2.2	0.7916
Average sleep time	6.7 ± 0.04	6.5 ± 0.08	0.0064
Spouse	96.1 (0.5)	95.1 (1.2)	0.6195
Smoking	43.3 (1.3)	52.0 (3.2)	0.0116
Drinking	24.0 (1.1)	31.9 (2.9)	0.0067
Walking time	32.6 (1.2)	32.2 (2.9)	0.2540

Mother	2572	450
Age	43.8 ± 0.1	43.6 ± 0.2	0.4604
BMI	23.0 ± 0.08	24.7 ± 0.2	<0.0001
WC	76.6 ± 0.2	80.7 ± 0.5	<0.0001
SBP	111.1 ± 0.3	113.4 ± 0.7	0.0047
DBP	73.7 ± 0.2	74.7 ± 0.5	0.0695
GLU	94.1 ± 0.3	99.6 ± 1.2	<0.0001
TG	88.4 (86.3–90.6)	99.1 (94.0–104.5)	0.0002
HDL	53.6 ± 0.2	53.6 ± 0.6	0.9145
LDL	112.3 ± 0.6	113.3 ± 1.5	0.5753
TC	186.3 ± 0.7	189.7 ± 1.6	0.0652
Average sleep time	6.7 ± 0.03	6.5 ± 0.07	0.0038
Spouse	90.0 (0.7)	87.6 (1.9)	0.2101
Smoking	5.4 (0.5)	8.2 (1.5)	0.0519
Drinking	4.9 (0.5)	10.3 (1.6)	00.0001
Walking time	37.9 (1.1)	41.3 (2.6)	0.2346

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GLU, glucose; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; Average sleep time, average sleep time per day; walking time, percentage of people who walked for 30 minutes at least five days a week; low income, income lower than the 25^th percentile; drink, average amount of alcohol consumed is 7 or more for men and 5 or more for women at least 2 days a week.