Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study from 82938 Adults in China
Table 1
Characteristics of the subjects in the primary and validation cohort.
Training set (N = 58056)
Validation set (N = 24882)
Total cohort (N = 82938)
value
T2DM (n, %)
No
2151 (96.3)
23964 (96.3)
79869 (96.3)
0.913
Yes
55905 (3.7)
918 (3.7)
3069 (3.7)
Follow-up (years)
2.98 (2.15–3.93)
2.99 (2.16–3.93)
2.98 (2.15–3.93)
0.141
Age (years)
44.97 ± 12.97
45.02 ± 13.01
44.99 ± 12.98
0.652
Gender (n, %)
Men
42082 (72.5)
17868 (71.8)
59950 (72.3)
0.047
Women
15974 (27.5)
7014 (28.2)
22988 (27.7)
BMI (kg/m2)
26.58 ± 2.24
26.57 ± 2.24
26.57 ± 2.24
0.584
Overweight: 24.0 ≤ BMI < 28.0
45308 (78.0)
19464 (78.2)
64772 (78.1)
0.559
Obesity: BMI ≥ 28.0
12748 (22.0)
5418 (21.8)
18166 (21.9)
FPG (mmol/L)
5.06 ± 0.63
5.06 ± 0.64
5.06 ± 0.63
0.885
Blood pressure (mmHg)
SBP
125.25 ± 16.28
125.32 ± 16.39
125.27 ± 16.31
0.587
DBP
78.09 ± 10.99
78.16 ± 11.10
78.11 ± 11.02
0.384
TC (mmol/L)
4.90 ± 0.90
4.89 ± 0.92
4.90 ± 0.91
0.943
TG (mmol/L)
1.77 ± 1.25
1.77 ± 1.28
1.77 ± 1.26
0.663
LDL-c (mmol/L)
2.85 ± 0.68
2.84 ± 0.69
2.85 ± 0.69
0.436
HDL-c (mmol/L)
1.28 ± 0.27
1.28 ± 0.27
1.28 ± 0.27
0.569
ALT (mmol/L)
31.92 ± 26.31
31.74 ± 25.00
31.87 ± 25.92
0.344
AST (mmol/L)
26.76 ± 12.97
26.69 ± 12.13
26.74 ± 12.72
0.479
BUN (mmol/L)
4.85 ± 1.18
4.85 ± 1.19
4.85 ± 1.19
0.760
Creatinine (mmol/L)
74.50 ± 15.61
74.27 ± 15.78
74.43 ± 15.66
0.056
Current cigarette smoking (n, %)
No
52403 (90.3)
22597 (90.8)
75000 (90.4)
0.013
Yes
5653 (9.7)
2285 (9.2)
7938 (9.6)
Current alcohol drinking (n, %)
No
54173 (93.3)
23179 (93.2)
77352 (93.3)
0.412
Yes
3883 (6.7)
1703 (6.8)
5586 (6.7)
Family history (n, %)
No
56858 (97.9)
24388 (98.0)
81246 (98.0)
0.466
Yes
1198 (2.1)
494 (2.0)
1692 (2.0)
Hypertension (n, %)
No
44852 (77.3)
19142 (76.9)
63994 (77.2)
0.306
Yes
13204 (22.7)
5740 (23.1)
18944 (22.8)
Dyslipidemia (n, %)
No
35689 (61.5)
15235 (61.2)
50924 (61.4)
0.508
Yes
22367 (38.5)
9647 (38.8)
32014 (38.6)
T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CCR: concentration of creatinine.
