The Phlorotannin-Rich Fraction of Ecklonia cava Extract Attenuated the Expressions of the Markers Related with Inflammation and Leptin Resistance in Adipose Tissue

Figure 4

Effects of E. cava extract on TLR4, RAGE, and NF-κB expressions in visceral fat of high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice. To validate expression of inflammation-related receptors in visceral fat of standard normal fat diet with 0.9% saline (NFD/saline; open bar), HFD with 0.9% saline (HFD/saline; black bar), HFD with E. cava extract (HFD/ECE; red bar), and HFD with Garcinia cambogia extract (HFD/GCE; blue bar) group, tissue section slides were prepared. (a, c) The confocal microscopic images show toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4; (a) green), the receptor of AGE (RAGE; (c) green) expressions were assessed by immunostaining, and nuclei were stained DAPI (blue). (b, d) Quantitative green fluorescence intensity graphs show folds of those of the NFD/saline group, and these graphs show average expression levels in representative images. (e) NF-κB expressions were assessed by qRT-PCR. Scale bar = 50 μm. The same letters represent no significant difference ().

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)