The Phlorotannin-Rich Fraction of Ecklonia cava Extract Attenuated the Expressions of the Markers Related with Inflammation and Leptin Resistance in Adipose Tissue

Figure 5

Effects of E. cava extract on serum leptin and adiponectin levels and on leptin resistance in visceral fat of high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice. (a, b) Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were quantified by ELISA in standard normal fat diet with 0.9% saline (NFD/saline; open bar), HFD with 0.9% saline (HFD/saline; black bar), HFD with E. cava extract (HFD/ECE; red bar), and HFD with Garcinia cambogia extract (HFD/GCE; blue bar) groups. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) as leptin resistance-related molecule protein level (c) (green), (d) quantified intensity graph, and the (e) SOCS3 mRNA expression level was validated by immunostaining and qRT-PCR. Like SOCS3, ObR receptor protein level ((f) green), (g) quantified graph, and (h) the ObR mRNA expression level were validated by immunostaining and qRT-PCR in visceral fat. Nuclei were detected by DAPI (blue) in confocal microscopic images. All mRNA levels expressed relative mRNA level and normalized ß-actin of the NFD/saline group. Scale bar = 50 μm. The same letters represent no significant difference ().

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