Sex-Specific Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Metabolic Risk Factors in T2DM Patients

Table 1

Subject characteristics in 507 adults with type 2 diabetes according to sex.

Variable	Overall	Male	Female	value
	N = 507	N = 321	N = 186
Age (years)	59 (52–68)	57 (50–66)	63 (56–70)	<0.001
Weight (kg)	68 (60–77)	72 (65–80)	60 (55–68)	<0.001
Height (cm)	168 (162–174)	172 (168–176)	160 (156–165)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.2 (22.3–26.2)	24.6 (22.5–26.2)	23.5 (21.8–26.1)	0.026
SBP (mmHg)	130 (120–144)	130 (120–146)	130 (120–142)	0.579
DBP (mmHg)	79 (70–86)	80 (72–87)	75 (70–83)	<0.001
ApoA (g/L)	1.1 (1.0–1.3)	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	1.2 (1.1–1.4)	<0.001
ApoB (g/L)	0.8 (0.6–0.9)	0.8 (0.6–0.9)	0.8 (0.6–0.9)	0.714
ApoE (mg/L)	32 (25–41)	30 (24–39)	34 (28–43)	0.004
Total-C (mmol/L)	4.0 (3.3–4.6)	3.8 (3.2–4.5)	4.1 (3.5–4.8)	0.005
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.9 (0.8–1.2)	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.3 (1.8–2.8)	2.3 (1.7–2.8)	2.4 (1.9–3.0)	0.071
Lipoprotein(a) (mg/L)	107 (55–207)	107 (52–209)	109 (60–203)	0.800
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.4 (1.0–2.1)	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	1.3 (1.0–2.1)	0.645
ApoA/ApoB	1.4 (1.2–1.8)	1.4 (1.2–1.7)	1.5 (1.3–2.0)	0.009
HDL-C/LDL-C	0.4 (0.3–0.5)	0.4 (0.3–0.5)	0.4 (0.3–0.6)	0.204
PTH (pg/ml)	41 (32–54)	42 (32–55)	41 (31–54)	0.275
25(OH)D (ng/ml)	13.2 (9.2–19.0)	13.9 (9.7–19.3)	12.2 (8.5–17.9)	0.093
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.2 (2.1–2.3)	2.2 (2.1–2.3)	2.2 (2.1–2.3)	0.890
Phosphorus (mmol/L)	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	1.2 (1.0–1.3)	0.001
GA-L (%)^a	20.9 (17.4–26.1)	20.9 (17.3–26.2)	20.9 (17.4–26.1)	0.959
HbA1c (%)	8.1 (6.7–9.7)	8.2 (6.8–9.9)	8.0 (6.6–9.6)	0.244
RBG (mmol/L)	7.1 (5.7–10.1)	7.1 (5.8–10.2)	6.8 (5.4–9.9)	0.406

Data are presented as median (IQR) values. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ApoA, apolipoprotein A; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; Total-C, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PTH, parathyroid hormone; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; GA-L, glycated albumin; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; RBG, random blood glucose. ^an = 449.