Sex-Specific Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Metabolic Risk Factors in T2DM Patients

Table 2

Association among sex 25(OH)D groups, and blood glucose and lipid profiles (n = 507).

	Male		Female		Sex	25(OH)D	Interaction
	Low 25(OH)D	High 25(OH)D	Low 25(OH)D	High 25(OH)D
N	145	174	104	81
ApoA (g/L)	1.05 ± 0.22	1.11 ± 0.19	1.22 ± 0.26	1.22 ± 0.21	<0.001	0.098	0.105
ApoB (g/L)	0.79 ± 0.23	0.77 ± 0.20	0.80 ± 0.24	0.78 ± 0.23	0.070	0.534	0.964
ApoE (mg/L)	34.7 ± 16.5	33.8 ± 19.3	39.9 ± 18.0	34.3 ± 13.6	0.001	0.033	0.171
Lipoprotein(a) (mg/L)	195.3 ± 204.8	141.3 ± 137.9	164.2 ± 202.9	202.4 ± 222.4	0.559	0.880	0.010
Total-C (mmol/L)	4.00 ± 1.15	3.97 ± 1.12	4.30 ± 1.24	4.17 ± 0.96	<0.001	0.665	0.690
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.92 ± 0.26	0.98 ± 0.54	1.08 ± 0.40	1.10 ± 0.28	<0.001	0.083	0.441
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.43 ± 1.07	2.28 ± 0.74	2.51 ± 1.00	2.46 ± 0.85	0.004	0.544	0.688
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.8 ± 1.4	2.8 ± 7.9	1.9 ± 1.6	2.4 ± 7.0	0.359	0.152	0.742
ApoA/ApoB	1.45 ± 0.61	1.53 ± 0.46	1.74 ± 1.41	1.71 ± 0.69	0.032	0.592	0.339
HDL-C/LDL-C	0.43 ± 0.23	0.47 ± 0.30	0.48 ± 0.24	0.50 ± 0.22	0.625	0.241	0.477
GA-L (%)^a	22.5 ± 8.6	23.4 ± 8.7	23.3 ± 7.3	22.2 ± 8.8	0.102	0.092	0.023
HbA1c (%)	8.5 ± 2.2	8.5 ± 2.2	8.5 ± 2.0	8.00 ± 2.1	0.136	0.009	0.091
RBG (mmol/L)	8.2 ± 4.5	8.9 ± 4.8	8.8 ± 5.1	7.6 ± 3.5	0.680	0.515	0.028

Data are presented as mean ± SD. ApoA, apolipoprotein A; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; Total-C, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; GA-L, glycated albumin; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; RBG, random blood glucose. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of covariance adjusted for age, BMI, season, marital status, smoking status, alcohol use behavior, insulin use, family history of diabetes, and diabetes duration. The levels of Apo B, Apo E, Total-C, HDL-C, LDL-C, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, Apo A/Apo B, HDL-C/LDL-C, 25(OH)D, GA-L, HbA1c, and RBG were log-transformed for the analysis. ^an = 449. vs. female within the same 25(OH)D subjects. vs. low 25(OH)D within the same sex group. Boldface indicates significance ().