Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity as Predictors of Prediabetes: A Case-Control Study

Table 1

Sociodemographic characteristics of participants^a.

Characteristic	Controls (n = 98)	Cases (n = 49)	value^b
Age	44.08 ± 15.98	54.10 ± 13.89	0.01
BMI^c	27.81 ± 4.89	28.08 ± 5.11	0.76
FBG^d	88.14 ± 6.93	118.10 ± 18.27	0.01
Gender
Female	54 (55.1)	23 (46.9)	0.47
Male	44 (44.9)	26 (53.1)
Educational status
Primary or less	14 (14.3)	13 (26.5)	0.04
Secondary/high school	36 (36.7)	22 (44.9)
Tertiary/university	48 (49.0)	14 (28.6)
Marital status
Single	21 (21.4)	4 (8.2)	0.05
Married	71 (72.4)	44 (89.8)
Widowed/divorced	6 (6.2)	1 (2.0)
Occupation
Employed	60 (61.2)	34 (69.4)	0.21
Unemployed	38 (38.8)	15 (30.6)
Income
Low	52 (53.1)	27 (55.2)	0.29
Moderate	32 (32.7)	11 (22.4)
High	14 (14.2)	11 (22.4)
Obesity
Normal	32 (32.7)	14 (28.6)	0.36
Overweight	41 (41.8)	17 (34.7)
Obese	25 (25.5)	18 (36.7)
Physical activity (yes)	39 (39.8)	19 (38.8)	0.52
Supplementation (yes)	20 (20.4)	11 (22.9)	0.44
Family history of diabetes (yes)	46 (46.9)	22 (45.8)	0.52

^aData are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. ^bDistribution of continuous variables assessed with independent t-test and categorical variables with chi-square test. ^cBody mass index. ^dFasting blood glucose.