Sex-Specific Effects of Vitamin D Status on the Metabolic Profile in Prediabetic Subjects
Table 1
Frequency of sex and mean and standard deviation of all parameters in a cohort with lower 25-OH-vitamin D levels and higher 25-OH-vitamin D levels.
Variable
Lower vitamin D (n = 308)
Higher vitamin D (n = 313)
value
Age
56.02 (±11.24)
60.87 (±9.55)
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
29.16 (±4.8)
27.53 (±4.27)
<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)
102.77 (±11.60)
99.60 (±11.71)
<0.001
Sex
Male
192 (62.3%)
183 (58.5%)
0.033
Female
116
130
25-Hydroxy-vitamin D (ng/ml)
18.54 (±5.17)
36.84 (±8.67)
—
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
214.24 (±38.98)
206.37 (±38.83)
0.009
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)
56.68 (±15.85)
62.11 (±15.91)
<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)
132.25 (±35.22)
123.78 (±34.55)
<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
125.20 (±75.02)
104.63 (±46.08)
<0.001
Cholesterol-HDL quotient
4.03 (±1.32)
3.50 (±0.98)
<0.001
HbA1c (%)
5.57 (±0.36)
5.54 (±0.33)
0.062
Glucose (mg/dl)
106.40 (±9.46)
106.76 (±8.10)
0.539
Glucose tolerance test (fasted)
108.09 (±9.04)
108.00 (±7.92)
0.339
Glucose tolerance test (2 h)
118.28 (±31.46)
120.80 (±31.97)
0.880
Insulin (uU/ml)
14.06 (±8.99)
11.46 (±6.13)
<0.001
Fatty liver index
59.79 (±26.43)
50.58 (±26.61)
<0.001
HOMA-IR
3.85 (±2.48)
3.12 (±1.81)
0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
138.96 (±15.89)
135.91 (±16.75)
0.007
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
85.24 (±10.71)
82.72 (±9.94)
<0.001
Lower 25-OH-vitamin D cohort is defined by a 25-OH-vitamin D level <26.5 ng/ml. Higher 25-OH-vitamin D cohort is defined by a 25-OH-vitamin D level ≥ 26.5 ng/ml. HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; BMI: body mass index; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment.
