Research Article
A Higher Serum Anion Gap Is Associated with the Risk of Progressing to Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants by tertiles of serum anion gap.
| | By tertiles of serum anion gap | value | Overall | Low (≤12.51) | Middle (12.52–14.80) | High (≥14.81) |
| n | 397 | 397 | 397 | | 1191 | Age (years) | 34.6 (9.88) | 32.7 (8.18) | 30.7 (6.53) | <0.0001 | 32.6 (8.46) | Sex | | | | | | Male | 161 (40.6%) | 209 (52.6%) | 262 (66.0%) | <0.0001 | 632 (53.1%) | Female | 236 (59.4%) | 188 (47.4%) | 135 (34.0%) | 559 (46.9%) | Height (cm) | 166 (8.59) | 169 (8.72) | 170 (8.28) | <0.0001 | 168 (8.65) | Weight (kg) | 64.1 (13.3) | 67.4 (13.8) | 69.2 (13.9) | <0.0001 | 66.9 (13.8) | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.0 (3.46) | 23.4 (3.56) | 23.8 (3.65) | 0.0053 | 23.4 (3.57) | Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.04 (0.33) | 5.04 (0.34) | 4.97 (0.34) | 0.0016 | 5.02 (0.34) | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 109 (12.5) | 112 (12.1) | 114 (12.7) | <0.0001 | 112 (12.6) | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.0 (9.07) | 73.4 (8.48) | 75.6 (8.75) | <0.0001 | 73.3 (8.96) | ALT (U/L) | 21.1 (16.8) | 24.4 (17.7) | 28.0 (20.6) | <0.0001 | 24.5 (18.6) | K+ (mmol/L) | 4.13 (0.273) | 4.19 (0.314) | 4.23 (0.310) | <0.0001 | 4.18 (0.302) | Ca2+ (mmol/L) | 2.37 (1.06) | 2.36 (0.0808) | 2.38 (0.0792) | 0.89 | 2.37 (0.613) | AST (U/L) | 25.3 (8.89) | 26.5 (8.11) | 28.6 (8.41) | <0.0001 | 26.8 (8.58) | HDL (mmol/L) | 1.48 (0.361) | 1.43 (0.367) | 1.40 (0.357) | 0.015 | 1.44 (0.363) | LDL (mmol/L) | 2.80 (0.688) | 2.92 (0.829) | 2.99 (0.700) | 0.001 | 2.90 (0.744) | Cr (umol/L) | 68.4 (14.7) | 71.7 (14.1) | 76.0 (14.6) | <0.0001 | 72.1 (14.8) | Albumin (g/L) | 43.4 (2.74) | 44.3 (2.71) | 45.5 (2.62) | <0.0001 | 44.4 (2.82) | IFG/DM | | | | | | Yes | 10 (2.5%) | 16 (4.0%) | 32 (8.1%) | 0.001 | 58 (4.9%) | No | 387 (97.5%) | 381 (96.0%) | 365 (91.9%) | 1133 (95.1%) |
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Data are n (%) or mean (SD). ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Cr, serum creatinine. Fasting glucose (IFG)/diabetes mellitus (DM). |