A Higher Serum Anion Gap Is Associated with the Risk of Progressing to Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes

Table 2

Risk of fasting glucose (IFG)/diabetes mellitus (DM) among individuals with a higher serum anion gap, by different adjustment strategies, compared with that of individuals with lower serum anion gap.

Model information	By tertiles of serum anion gap, OR (95% CI)			value
	Low (≤12.51)	Middle (12.52–14.80)	High (≥14.81)
No. of IFG/DM events (%)	10 (2.5%)	16 (4.0%)	32 (8.1%)	—
Model 1	1.00	1.67 (0.739, 3.75)	4.15 (1.95, 8.83)	0.00023
Model 2	1.00	1.54 (0.681, 3.49)	3.77 (1.75, 8.1)	0.00069
Model 3	1.00	1.50 (0.656, 3.42)	3.38 (1.53, 7.46)	0.0018

High vs. low. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: model 1+adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Model 3: model 2+adjusted for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), K⁺, and serum creatinine and albumin.