The Age-Dependent Increase of Metabolic Syndrome Requires More Extensive and Aggressive Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Interventions: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Italian Cohort of Obese Women
Table 1
Demographic characteristics and body composition in the entire obese population of our study and in the patients with or without metabolic syndrome, subdivided among age ranges.
Parameter
18–30
31–40
41–50
51–60
61–70
>70
β1
Y-intercept
Number (n.)
ALL patients
98
106
196
292
239
69
—
—
—
MetS+
25 (25.5%)
54 (50.9%)
117 (59.7%)
203 (69.5%)
182 (76.2%)
49 (71.0%)
0.0098
0.12
<0.001
MetS-
73 (74.5%)
52 (49.1%)
79 (40.3%)
89 (30.5%)
57 (23.8%)
20 (29.0%)
—
—
—
Age (yr)
ALL patients
24.7 ± 3.5
36.4 ± 2.8
46.0 ± 2.8
55.6 ± 3.0
65.1 ± 2.8
73.9 ± 2.6
—
—
—
MetS+
26.0 ± 3.2
36.9 ± 2.5
46.2 ± 2.8
55.4 ± 3.1
65.1 ± 2.8
74.0 ± 2.5
—
—
—
MetS-
24.3 ± 3.6
35.9 ± 2.9
45.7 ± 2.8
56.0 ± 2.7
65.3 ± 3.0
73.8 ± 2.8
—
—
—
BMI (kg/m2)
ALL patients
44.3 ± 7.5
44.5 ± 6.9
43.6 ± 6.4
43.9 ± 6.2
43.6 ± 5.7
41.8 ± 4.6
−0.0289
45.23
0.044
MetS+
46.2 ± 11.6
46.0 ± 8.0a
44.1 ± 7.2
44.9 ± 6.5a
43.6 ± 5.7
41.7 ± 4.6
−0.0745
48.36
0.001
MetS-
43.6 ± 5.3
43.0 ± 5.2
42.8 ± 5.1
41.8 ± 5.0
43.6 ± 5.9
42.2 ± 4.7
−0.0185
43.69
0.295
BMFI
ALL patients
27.7 ± 8.9
29.0 ± 10.6
27.5 ± 9.6
27.9 ± 9.4
27.5 ± 8.6
24.9 ± 5.4
−0.0328
29.34
0.1411
MetS+
27.9 ± 10.6
32.1 ± 12.2a
28.9 ± 10.8a
29.8 ± 10.0a
27.5 ± 8.4
24.9 ± 5.2
−0.0971
34.06
0.006
MetS-
27.6 ± 8.3
26.1 ± 7.8
25.6 ± 7.5
24.0 ± 6.2
27.5 ± 9.2
24.9 ± 6.2
−0.0375
27.66
0.175
FM (%)
ALL patients
53.1 ± 5.3
52.8 ± 5.8
51.2 ± 5.0
50.7 ± 5.5
49.8 ± 5.4
48.3 ± 4.4
−0.0890
55.51
<0.001
MetS+
52.3 ± 5.1
53.7 ± 6.6
51.6 ± 5.2
51.5 ± 5.5a
49.6 ± 5.1
48.0 ± 4.1
−0.1075
56.85
<0.001
MetS-
53.4 ± 5.4
51.9 ± 4.8
50.5 ± 4.8
48.9 ± 4.8
50.6 ± 6.0
49.0 ± 5.2
−0.0895
55.01
<0.001
FFM (kg)
ALL patients
52.4 ± 5.7
52.2 ± 4.8
53.0 ± 4.5
52.0 ± 5.0
51.8 ± 4.6
50.6 ± 3.8
−0.0370
54.17
0.002
MetS+
52.3 ± 6.4
54.1 ± 5.2
53.7 ± 4.9a
52.6 ± 5.3a
52.0 ± 4.7
51.0 ± 3.9
−0.05917
55.87
0.001
MetS-
52.5 ± 5.5
52.4 ± 3.8
52.1 ± 3.7
50.8 ± 3.9
51.2 ± 4.5
49.6 ± 3.5
−0.0433
53.68
0.005
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BMFI, body mass fat index: BMI × WC × FM%; FFM, fat-free mass; FM, fat mass; MetS-, negative for metabolic syndrome; MetS+, positive for metabolic syndrome. a: versus the corresponding MetS- subgroup (Student’s t-test for unpaired data). Values of β1, Y-intercept, and refer to the linear regression performed by using all data within each subgroup (MetS+ or MetS-) or the entire population (MetS+/MetS-). The symbol “-“ means non-determinable or non-applicable.
