Circulating Prokineticin 2 Levels Are Increased in Children with Obesity and Correlated with Insulin Resistance

Table 1

Comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters between control group and obese group.

Parameters	Control group (n = 70)	Obese group (n = 91)	value
Gender (M/F)	46/24	60/31	0.977
Age (year)	9.01 ± 2.72	9.75 ± 2.50	0.079
BMI (kg/m^2)	16.22 ± 1.83	27.13 ± 3.80	<0.001
BMI z-score	−0.15 ± 0.79	2.75 ± 1.08	<0.001
Fins (mU/L)	13.40 (7.55–18.13)	24.90 (13.40–35.90)	<0.001
FBG (mmol/L)	4.95 ± 0.32	5.28 ± 0.48	<0.001
HOMA-IR	2.79 (1.63–3.99)	6.01 (3.62–8.51)	<0.001
TG (mmol/L)	1.29 ± 0.48	1.37 ± 0.58	0.354
TC (mmol/L)	3.79 ± 0.56	4.10 ± 0.78	0.005
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.29 ± 0.34	1.26 ± 0.27	0.568
LDL-C (mmol/L)	1.92 ± 0.51	2.52 ± 0.73	<0.001
ALT (U/L)	15.0 (12.0–17.3)	33.1 (21.3–55.1)	<0.001
AST (U/L)	29.0 (23.8–32.0)	26.0 (23.5–33.3)	0.723
GGT (U/L)	9.0 (7.0–11.0)	20.8 (15.4–32.0)	<0.001
Prokineticin 2 (pg/mL)	11373.5 ± 3059.5	14937.2 ± 4073.6	<0.001
IL-6 (pg/mL)	4.67 (3.30–6.61)	5.20 (1.71–8.10)	0.692
TNF-α (pg/mL)	6.67 (3.17–12.00)	9.35 (4.06–14.65)	0.072
WBC (×10^9/L)	7.04 ± 1.43	7.82 ± 2.21	0.011
Neutrophils (×10^9/L)	3.79 ± 0.91	4.42 ± 1.67	0.005

Data are shown as means ± SD or median (interquartile range). BMI, body mass index; Fins, fasting insulin; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HOMA-IR, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; WBC, white blood cells.