A Nomogram Model that Predicts the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Retrospective Study

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics between the DN and NDN groups.

Demographic characteristics	n (%)
	Total (n = 1095)	DN (n = 203)	NDN (n = 892)
Gender
Female	472 (43.1)	77 (37.9)	395 (44.3)
Male	623 (56.9)	126 (62.1)	497 (55.7)
Age
<50	229 (20.9)	33 (16.3)	196 (22.0)
50–69	699 (63.8)	136 (67.0)	563 (63.1)
>69	167 (15.3)	34 (16.7)	133 (14.9)
Smoking
No	788 (72.0)	131 (64.5)	657 (73.7)
Yes	307 (28.0)	72 (35.5)	235 (26.3)
Consuming alcohol
No	805 (73.5)	136 (67.0)	669 (75.0)
Yes	290 (26.5)	67 (33.0)	223 (25.0)
Hypertension
No	638 (58.3)	82 (40.4)	556 (62.3)
Yes	457 (41.7)	121 (59.6)	336 (37.7)
Medicine
No	233 (21.3)	13 (6.4)	220 (24.7)
Yes	862 (78.7)	190 (93.6)	672 (75.3)
Diabetes duration (years)
<10	690 (63.0)	83 (40.9)	607 (68.1)
10–20	371 (33.9)	107 (52.7)	264 (29.6)
>20	34 (3.1)	13 (6.4)	21 (2.3)
BMI (kg/m2)
<24	511 (46.7)	82 (40.4)	429 (48.1)
24–27.99	418 (38.2)	85 (41.9)	333 (37.3)
≥28	166 (15.1)	36 (17.7)	130 (14.6)
FBG (mmol/L)
<6.1	130 (11.9)	21 (10.3)	109 (12.2)
6.1–6.9	91 (8.3)	13 (6.4)	78 (8.7)
>6.9	874 (79.8)	169 (83.3)	705 (79.1)
PBG (mmol/L)
<7.8	57 (5.2)	10 (4.9)	47 (5.3)
7.8–11.0	217 (19.8)	44 (21.7)	173 (19.4)
>11.0	821 (75.0)	149 (73.4)	672 (75.3)
HbA1c (%)
<6.0	59 (5.4)	7 (3.5)	52 (5.8)
6.0–6.9	151 (13.8)	21 (10.3)	130 (14.6)
>6.9	885 (80.8)	175 (86.2)	710 (79.6)
TG (mmol/L)
<1.7	576 (52.6)	106 (52.2)	470 (52.7)
≥1.7	519 (47.4)	97 (47.8)	422 (47.3)
TC (mmol/L)
<6.0	959 (87.6)	176 (86.7)	783 (87.8)
≥6.0	136 (12.4)	27 (13.3)	109 (12.2)
HDL (mmol/L)
<1.0	518 (47.3)	110 (54.2)	408 (45.7)
≥1.0	577 (52.7)	93 (45.8)	484 (54.3)
BUN (mmol/L)
<3.2	94 (8.6)	11 (5.4)	83 (9.3)
3.2–7.5	856 (78.2)	110 (54.2)	746 (83.6)
>7.5	145 (13.2)	82 (40.4)	63 (7.1)
SCr (μmol/L)
≤115	977 (89.2)	119 (58.6)	858 (96.2)
>115	118 (10.8)	84 (41.4)	34 (3.8)
UA (μmol/L)
≤420	905 (82.6)	142 (70.0)	763 (85.5)
>420	190 (17.4)	61 (30.0)	129 (14.5)
Hs-CRP
≤8	904 (82.6)	155 (76.4)	749 (84.0)
>8	191 (17.4)	48 (23.6)	143 (16.0)
WBC (×10^9)
≤10	953 (87.0)	163 (80.3)	790 (88.6)
>10	142 (13.0)	40 (19.7)	102 (11.4)
N
≤7	970 (88.6)	167 (82.3)	803 (90.0)
>7	125 (11.4)	36 (17.7)	89 (10.0)
L
≤3.7	1066 (97.4)	198 (97.5)	868 (97.3)
>3.7	29 (2.6)	5 (2.5)	24 (2.7)
NLR
<1.49	281 (25.7)	26 (12.8)	255 (28.6)
1.49–1.99	274 (25.0)	41 (20.2)	233 (26.1)
2.00–2.84	267 (24.4)	50 (24.6)	217 (24.3)
>2.84	273 (24.9)	86 (42.4)	187 (21.0)
RDW (%)
<12.0	292 (26.7)	35 (17.2)	257 (28.8)
12.0–12.4	275 (25.1)	47 (23.2)	228 (25.6)
12.5–13.0	266 (24.3)	55 (27.1)	211 (23.6)
>13.0	262 (23.9)	66 (32.5)	196 (22.0)

BMI, body mass indices; FBG, fasting blood glucose; PBG, postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; SCr, serum creatinine; UA, uric acid; Hs‐CRP, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell; N, neutrophil; L, lymphocyte; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio; RDW, red blood cell distribution width.