Association between Serum Testosterone Levels and Body Composition among Men 20–59 Years of Age
Table 1
Weighted characteristics of study population based on serum testosterone levels quartiles.
Serum testosterone levels (ng/dL)
Q1 (≤300.0)
Q2 (>300, ≤398.8)
Q3 (>399.0, ≤521)
Q4 (>521.0)
P value
Age (years)
40.8 ± 10.8
39.6 ± 11.5
38.2 ± 11.7
36.2 ± 11.9
<0.001
Race/ethnicity (%)
0.2914
Non-Hispanic white
62.6
60.5
63.2
60.0
Non-Hispanic black
9.2
10.2
9.5
13.0
Mexican American
11.6
12.6
11.2
11.1
Other race/ethnicity
16.5
16.6
16.1
15.9
Education level (%)
0.4021
Less than high school
14.8
14.7
16.1
16.5
High school
22.0
24.1
22.0
24.9
More than high school
63.2
61.1
61.9
58.6
Body mass index (kg/m2)
31.9 ± 6.7
29.2 ± 5.2
27.3 ± 4.6
25.7 ± 4.6
<0.001
Income-to-poverty ratio
3.1 ± 1.6
3.0 ± 1.6
2.9 ± 1.6
2.7 ± 1.6
<0.001
Moderate activities (%)
0.399
Both moderate recreational and work activities
21.6
22.2
22.9
24.2
Moderate recreational activities
23.6
22.9
24.8
24.2
Moderate work activities
25.6
26.0
21.3
23.0
No moderate recreational or work activities
29.2
28.9
30.9
28.6
Smoking status (%)
<0.001
Everyday
12.4
17.0
18.2
22.5
Some day
4.9
5.6
6.0
9.1
Past smoking
27.0
20.8
21.7
19.1
Nonsmoker or smoked less than 100 cigarettes in life
55.7
56.6
54.0
49.3
Had ≥12 alcohol drinks per year (%)
0.026
Yes
80.69
82.88
83.41
85.54
No
15.51
12.24
12.60
10.10
Not recorded
3.80
4.88
3.99
4.36
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
4.82 ± 1.64
4.87 ± 1.48
4.80 ± 1.39
4.67 ± 1.48
0.029
Serum uric acid (μmol/L)
378.3 ± 78.2
364.8 ± 69.0
355.9 ± 63.7
335.7 ± 64.6
<0.001
Total protein (g/L)
71.6 ± 4.5
71.7 ± 4.5
71.8 ± 4.3
72.3 ± 4.4
0.006
Serum estradiol level (pg/mL)
21.2 ± 8.4
22.4 ± 7.2
24.1 ± 7.3
29.7 ± 10.1
<0.001
Serum phosphorus (mmol/L)
1.21 ± 0.18
1.21 ± 0.18
1.19 ± 0.18
1.19 ± 0.19
0.042
Serum calcium (mmol/L)
2.36 ± 0.09
2.36 ± 0.08
2.36 ± 0.08
2.37 ± 0.08
<0.001
Calcium supplement use 30 days (%)
0.2892
≤400 (mg)
24.6
25.0
24.8
23.1
>400 (mg)
12.1
10.3
10.0
9.0
Not recorded
63.3
64.7
65.2
67.9
Appendicular fat mass index (kg/m2)
4.4 ± 1.8
3.7 ± 1.2
3.3 ± 1.2
2.9 ± 1.1
<0.001
Appendicular lean mass index (kg/m2)
9.4 ± 1.5
9.0 ± 1.3
8.7 ± 1.2
8.5 ± 1.3
<0.001
Lumbar bone mineral density (mg/cm2)
1017.3 ± 154.6
1017.5 ± 153.4
1035.3 ± 149.3
1047.6 ± 149.5
<0.001
Mean ± SD for continuous variables: value was calculated by the weighted linear regression model. % for categorical variables: value was calculated by the weighted chi-square test.
