Association between Serum Testosterone Levels and Body Composition among Men 20–59 Years of Age

Table 2

Association between serum testosterone levels (ng/dL) and lumbar bone mineral density (mg/cm²).

	Model 1; β (95% CI)	Model 2; β (95% CI)	Model 3; β (95% CI)
Serum testosterone levels (ng/dL)	0.04 (0.02, 0.07)	0.07 (0.04, 0.10)	0.04 (0.01, 0.07)
Serum testosterone levels (quartile)
Q1 (≤300.0)	Reference	Reference	Reference
Q2 (>300, ≤398.8)	−0.93 (−14.11, 12.25)	3.83 (−9.54, 17.20)	0.20 (−13.24, 13.63)
Q3 (>399.0, ≤521)	16.20 (3.03, 29.37)	24.14 (10.39, 37.88)	19.28 (5.30, 33.26)
Q4 (>521.0)	24.27 (10.93, 37.62)	34.84 (20.49, 49.18)	23.59 (8.10, 39.08)
for trend	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Stratified by age
20–39 years	0.06 (0.03, 0.10)	0.08 (0.05, 0.12)	0.07 (0.02, 0.11)
40–59 years	0.02 (−0.03, 0.06)	0.04 (−0.00, 0.09)	0.01 (−0.04, 0.05)
Stratified by race
Non-Hispanic white	0.05 (0.00, 0.09)	0.06 (0.01, 0.11)	0.04 (−0.02, 0.09)
Non-Hispanic black	0.05 (−0.02, 0.11)	0.09 (0.02, 0.16)	0.09 (0.01, 0.17)
Mexican American	0.04 (−0.02, 0.10)	0.05 (−0.02, 0.11)	0.02 (−0.05, 0.09)
Other race/ethnicity	0.04 (−0.01, 0.09)	0.07 (0.02, 0.12)	0.03 (−0.03, 0.09)

Model 1: age and race were adjusted. Model 2: age, race, and body mass index were adjusted. Model 3: age, race, body mass index, education level, income-to-poverty ratio, smoking status, drinking behavior, moderate activities, calcium supplement use, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, total protein, serum estradiol level, serum phosphorus, and serum calcium were adjusted. In the subgroup analysis stratified by race, the model is not adjusted for the stratification variable itself. , , and .