| | Variables | All patients (n = 13,721) | Non-DM (n = 11,284) | DM (n = 2,437) | value |
| | Age (years) | 63.79 ± 9.41 | 63.56 ± 9.02 | 64.08 ± 9.87 | 0.002 | | Male (n) (%) | 6,479 (47.22) | 2,525 (33.13) | 3,954 (64.83) | <0.001 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 23.57 ± 3.75 | 23.25 ± 3.82 | 23.98 ± 3.61 | <0.001 | | SBP (mmHg) | 148.53 ± 17.82 | 149.45 ± 17.31 | 147.39 ± 18.39 | <0.001 | | DBP (mmHg) | 89.04 ± 10.76 | 88.75 ± 10.39 | 89.40 ± 11.20 | <0.001 | | Physical activity (n) (%) | | Regular exercise | 11,107 (80.95) | 9,135 (80.96) | 1,972 (80.92) | 0.967 | | Rarely exercise | 2,614 (19.05) | 2,149 (19.04) | 465 (19.08) |
| | Fruit and vegetable consumption | | ≥500 g/day | 9,204 (82.87) | 7,542 (82.56) | 1,662 (84.28) | 0.066 | | <500 g/day | 1,903 (17.13) | 1593 (17.44) | 310 (15.72) |
| | Smoking status (n) (%) | | Never | 7,959 (58.02) | 6,409 (56.81) | 1,550 (63.63) | <0.001 | | Former | 2,194 (15.99) | 1,815 (16.09) | 379 (15.56) | | Current | 3,565 (25.99) | 3,058 (27.11) | 507 (20.81) |
| | Drinking status (n) (%) | | Never | 8,900 (64.88) | 7,201 (63.83) | 1,699 (69.75) | <0.001 | | Former | 1,810 (13.20) | 1,511 (13.39) | 299 (12.27) | | Current | 3,007 (21.92) | 2,569 (22.77) | 438 (17.98) |
| | Laboratory markers | | TC (mmol/L) | 5.18 ± 1.10 | 5.11 ± 1.05 | 5.50 ± 1.25 | <0.001 | | TG (mmol/L) | 1.80 ± 1.25 | 1.69 ± 1.12 | 2.28 ± 1.65 | <0.001 | | LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.00 ± 0.80 | 2.95 ± 0.77 | 3.24 ± 0.87 | <0.001 | | HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.57 ± 0.43 | 1.58 ± 0.42 | 1.55 ± 0.44 | <0.001 | | Non-HDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.61 ± 0.99 | 3.53 ± 0.95 | 3.95 ± 1.09 | <0.001 | | TRL-C (mmol/L) | 0.61 ± 0.47 | 0.59 ± 0.45 | 0.71 ± 0.52 | <0.001 | | FBG (mmol/L) | 6.17 ± 1.59 | 5.68 ± 0.56 | 8.44 ± 2.55 | <0.001 | | eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 88.33 ± 20.19 | 88.67 ± 19.72 | 86.75 ± 22.17 | 0.004 | | Disease and medication history (n) (%) | | | | | | Self-reported stroke | 820 (5.98) | 646 (5.72) | 174 (7.14) | 0.008 | | Self-reported CAD | 633 (4.61) | 506 (4.48) | 127 (5.21) | 0.121 | | Antihypertensive drugs | 8,784 (64.03) | 7,093 (62.87) | 1,691 (69.42) | <0.001 |
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Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or n (%). DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TRL-C, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
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