International Journal of Endocrinology

Research Article

Factors Associated with the 4-Year Estimated Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Sex in Korean Adults: Secondary Data Analysis

Table 2

Comparison of the 4-year estimated incidence of T2DM according to sex (n = 9,614).


Variables	Male (n = 4,134)	Female (n = 5,480)	t or x²	p-value
Variables	n (%) or M ± SE	n (%) or M ± SE	t or x²	p-value

Age (years)
40–44	762 (20.1)	958 (18.7)	8.18	0.004
45–49	757 (21.5)	989 (20.8)
50–54	688 (19.0)	920 (18.6)
55–59	735 (18.1)	998 (18.5)
60–64	633 (12.7)	875 (13.9)
65–69	559 (8.6)	740 (9.5)
Family history of diabetes
No	3,259 (76.6)	4,025 (71.8)	21.82	≤0.001
Yes	875 (23.4)	1,455 (28.2)	21.82	≤0.001
Currently smoking
No	2,476 (62.2)	5,030 (94.6)	1,077.28	≤0.001
Yes	1,426 (37.8)	260 (5.4)	1,077.28	≤0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	24.55 ± 0.05	23.69 ± 0.06	106.59	≤0.001
<23	1,130 (29.6)	2,374 (47.0)	110.24	≤0.001
23–24.9	1,036 (27.0)	1,169 (22.7)
25–29.9	1,483 (39.0)	1,338 (25.2)
≥30	158 (4.4)	270 (5.1)
Hypertension
No	3,236 (78.4)	4,534 (84.3)	43.48	≤0.001
Yes	898 (21.6)	946 (15.7)	43.48	≤0.001
FPG (mg/dL)	102.48 ± 0.41	96.64 ± 0.25	146.10	≤0.001
<90	608 (16.2)	1,440 (28.8)	261.44	≤0.001
90–99	1,402 (36.9)	2,183 (42.7)
≥100	1,810 (46.9)	1,502 (28.5)
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	47.06 ± 0.21	54.84 ± 0.21	823.91	≤0.001
<35	457 (11.9)	164 (3.1)	567.74	≤0.001
35–49	1,952 (52.1)	1,665 (32.1)
≥50	1,366 (36.0)	3,215 (64.8)
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	181.64 ± 3.60	118.47 ± 1.36	271.90	≤0.001
<120	1,561 (40.0)	3,259 (64.5)	560.40	≤0.001
120–149	586 (15.4)	721 (14.1)
≥150	1,673 (44.6)	1,145 (21.4)
HbA_1c (%)	5.65 ± 0.01	5.58 ± 0.01	20.30	≤0.001
<5.5 (37 mmol/mol)	1,884 (53.3)	2,561 (54.4)	0.80	0.371
5.5–6.4 (37–46 mmol/mol)	1,722 (46.7)	2,375 (45.6)	0.80	0.371
Estimated score of diabetes incidence after 4 years (%)	11.55 ± 0.19	7.87 ± 0.13	285.08	≤0.001
<11	2,384 (55.7)	4,103 (74.8)	207.29	≤0.001
11–20	1,108 (27.9)	959 (17.5)
21–30	484 (12.2)	308 (5.7)
31–40	144 (3.9)	104 (2.0)
41–50	14 (0.4)	6 (0.1)

; n: unweighted count; %: weighted count; SE: standard error; BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA_1c: glycated hemoglobin; M: mean; DM: diabetes mellitus.