Characteristics and Challenges of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Africa: A Review of the Literature

Table 2

A summary of cohort studies on the management and monitoring of adrenal insufficiency (PAI) reported from Africa.

Authors (year)	Sex F : M	Country	Findings and context	Ref
ILR 2013	31 : 30	RSA	Evaluation of salivary cortisol [57] concentrations in healthy controls versus PAI patients on hydrocortisone replacement therapy revealed greater concentrations of SF in PAI patients at all sampling points except at 08h00; however, there was no correlation between the hydrocortisone dose with the AUC for cortisol.	[77]
ILR 2016	25 : 26	RSA	SF and cortisone [57] measured in PAI patients and controls did not appear to be valuable biomarkers for monitoring hydrocortisone replacement in PAI as neither of these parameters correlated with a hydrocortisone dose.	[95]
ILR 2014	139 : 147	RSA	Examination of the relationship between metabolic parameters and 9β polymorphism did not reveal significant associations.	[96]
ILR 2014	55 : 55	RSA vs Sweden	The cardiovascular risk in the South African group versus the Swedish group revealed worse lipid profiles and higher hs-CRP levels in the RSA group, despite using lower doses of hydrocortisone in the Swedish group of PAI.	[97]

SF: salivary cortisol; SE: salivary cortisone; PAI: primary adrenal insufficiency; QOL: quality of life; AUC: area under the curve; hs-CRP: highly sensitive C-reactive protein; RSA: Republic of South Africa.