Effects of Low-Dose Spironolactone Combined with Metformin or Either Drug Alone on Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Table 2

Comparison of the three groups before and after treatment.

	MET group (n = 54)		SPI group (n = 53)		COM group (n = 51)
	Week 0	Week 12	Week 0	Week 12	Week 0	Week 12
Number of menstruation per year (normal ≥8/year)	5.7 ± 2.1	5.9 ± 2.1	6.1 ± 1.9	6.9 ± 2.4	5.8 ± 1.8	6.1 ± 2.3
SBP (mm Hg)	112 ± 11	112 ± 11	124 ± 13	123 ± 11	117 ± 9	117 ± 8
DBP (mm Hg)	72 ± 13	72 ± 12	79 ± 10	78 ± 8	76 ± 8	74 ± 7
Weight (kg)	63.2 ± 12.4	61.8 ± 11.6^a	65.5 ± 16.8	63.7 ± 16.2^a	56.5 ± 9.0	54.6 ± 8.8
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.6 ± 4.5	25.0 ± 4.2	25.9 ± 6.7	25.2 ± 6.5	25.4 ± 3.7	24.7 ± 3.6
WHR	0.87 ± 0.07	0.83 ± 0.04	0.87 ± 0.09	0.82 ± 0.07	0.86 ± 0.09	0.81 ± 0.10
LH/FSH	1.67 ± .95	1.4 ± 0.90^a	1.86 ± 0.90	1.59 ± 0.81^a	2.06 ± 0.99	1.92 ± 0.99^a
TC (mmol/L)	4.81 ± 1.01	4.46 ± 0.68^a	4.91 ± 1.40	4.75 ± 0.98	4.74 ± 0.98	4.64 ± 0.71
TT (nmol/L)	2.25 ± 1.25	2.05 ± 0.89^a	2.09 ± 0.80	1.79 ± 0.69^a	2.50 ± 1.03	1.88 ± 0.60^a
FAI	6.71 ± 8.87	5.78 ± 7.62^a	6.99 ± 5.26	4.88 ± 4.2^a	7.07 ± 4.21	3.58 ± 3.0^a
QUICKI	0.33 ± 0.03	0.36 ± 0.03^a	0.34 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.03	0.36 ± 0.03^a
HOMA-IR	3.30 ± 2.34	1.92 ± 1.07^a	3.02 ± 1.90	2.38 ± 1.14^a	2.47 ± 1.63	1.71 ± 0.91^a
HOMA-β	224.6 ± 166.8	1978.0 ± 7068	299.6 ± 381	867.76 ± 651	179.9 ± 99	973.7 ± 1264^a
FBG (mmol/L)	4.94 ± 0.63	4.65 ± 0.45	4.79 ± 0.55	5.02 ± 0.58	4.84 ± 0.61	4.68 ± 0.58
FINS (mU/L)	14.95 ± 9.61	9.14 ± 4.81^a	13.87 ± 8.08	10.62 ± 4.77^a	11.24 ± 7.1	8.15 ± 3.92^a
mF-G score	4.2 ± 2.1	3.9 ± 1.3	4.2 ± 1.3	4.1 ± 1.5	4.1 ± 1.4	4.0 ± 1.2
AUCins	289.6 ± 151	273.3 ± 131^a	282.5 ± 146.4	271.2 ± 143.2^a	267.8 ± 126	232.1 ± 121.3^a
AUCglu	22.8 ± 5.4	20.6 ± 4.3^a	21.0 ± 4.8	19.2 ± 4.6	20.5 ± 5.0	17.5 ± 4.2^a
Rosenfield score	0.89 ± 1.01	0.84 ± 0.98	0.90 ± 0.92	0.88 ± 0.90	0.85 ± 1.05	0.83 ± 1.00

^aP < 0.05 week 0 vs. week 12. MET: metformin; SPI: spironolactone; COM: combined; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist-hip ratio; LH/FSH: luteinizing hormone/follicular-stimulating hormone; TC: total cholesterol; TT: total testosterone; FAI: free androgen index; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; HOMA: homeostatic model assessment; IR: insulin resistance; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; FINS: fasting insulin; mG-G score: modified Ferriman–Gallwey score; AUCglu: oral glucose tolerance test area under curve-glucose; AUCins: oral glucose tolerance test area under curve-insulin.