The Association between Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: The Moderating Effect of Weight

Table 2

Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure and the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure	No. of cases/total	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c
		OR (95% CIs)	OR (95% CIs)	OR (95% CIs)
SBP-SD
Low (1^st tertile, ≤6.55 mmHg)	160/865	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Middle (2^nd tertile, 6.55–11.47 mmHg)	188/865	1.22 (0.97–1.55)	1.25 (0.99–1.59)	1.30 (1.01–1.69)
High (3^rd tertile, ≥11.47 mmHg)	243/864	1.72 (1.37–2.16)	1.65 (1.30–2.09)	1.70 (1.31–2.21)
DBP-SD
Low (1^st tertile, ≤4.33 mmHg)	176/865	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
Middle (2^nd tertile, 4.33–7.31 mmHg)	201/865	1.19 (0.94–1.48)	1.15 (0.91–1.45)	1.17 (0.91–1.52)
High (3^rd tertile, ≥7.31 mmHg)	214/864	1.29 (1.03–1.62)	1.27 (1.01–1.60)	1.41 (1.09–1.81)

OR, odds ratio; CIs, confidence intervals; VVV, visit-to-visit variability; SBP, systolic blood pressure; RMSE, root mean square error; SD, standard division; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ^aModel 1: unadjusted. ^bModel 2: adjusted for age, gender, and baseline systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. ^cModel 3: Model 2 plus smoking, drinking, baseline value of waist circumference, blood urea nitrogen, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and use of antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and antidiabetic drugs.