Characteristics, Mortality, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Reference Single-Center Cohort Study from Poland

Table 3

Multivariable logistic regression analysis for the risk of in-hospital death in DP.

Variable	OR	95% CI	value
Age >65 years (yes/no)	3.02	2.02–4.51	<0.001
Heart failure (yes/no)	1.80	1.16–2.80	0.009
Coronary artery disease (yes/no)	1.03	0.64–1.66	0.890
Atrial fibrillation (yes/no)	1.00	0.65–1.53	0.993
COPD (yes/no)	1.30	0.76–2.21	0.339
CKD (yes/no)	1.67	1.06–2.62	0.027
History of myocardial infarction (yes/no)	1.18	0.70–1.99	0.546
Prehospital metformin use (yes/no)	0.73	0.51–1.05	0.091
Prehospital insulin use (yes/no)	1.44	1.01–2.07	0.046
CRP on admission (mg/l)	1.01	1.00–1.01	<0.001
D-dimer on admission (μg/ml)	1.04	1.02–1.07	0.001
Glycemia on admission over 10 mmol/L (yes/no)	1.42	1.01–2.01	0.048
WBC (10^3/mm^3)	1.03	0.99–1.06	0.074
ACEI/ARB use (yes/no)	0.82	0.48–1.40	0.460
Beta blocker use (yes/no)	0.98	0.63–1.53	0.924
CCB use (yes/no)	0.37	0.19–0.69	0.002
Loop diuretics use (yes/no)	2.14	1.48–3.10	<0.001
Thiazide diuretics use (yes/no)	0.31	0.12–0.86	0.024
Statin use (yes/no)	0.48	0.28–0.83	0.008

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; CCB, calcium-channel blockers; CRP, C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood count; Nagelkerke’s R² = 30.9%.