Characteristics, Mortality, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Reference Single-Center Cohort Study from Poland
Table 4
Uni- and multivariate analyses for the risk of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) in DP.
Variable
Univariate logistic regression
Multivariate logistic regression
OR
95% CI
value
OR
95% CI
value
Gender (female)
0.62
0.45–0.83
0.002
0.92
0.58–1.45
0.718
Age (years)
0.98
0.97–1
0.006
0.96
0.94–0.99
0.001
Age >65 years (yes/no)
0.8
0.6–1.08
0.149
BMI (kg/m2)∧
1.03
1.0–1.06
0.044
BMI >25 kg/m2 (yes/no)
1.57
0.88–2.99
0.146
Hypertension (yes/no)
0.91
0.63–1.35
0.63
History of stroke (yes/no)
0.67
0.39–1.09
0.124
HF (yes/no)
0.79
0.51–1.17
0.248
Coronary artery disease (yes/no)
0.95
0.68–1.31
0.766
Atrial fibrillation (yes/no)
0.65
0.42–0.97
0.042
0.616
0.34–1.13
0.116
COPD (yes/no)
0.93
0.52–1.55
0.780
CKD (yes/no)
1.06
0.7–1.57
0.784
History of myocardial infarction (yes/no)
0.82
0.54–1.22
0.342
History of neoplasm (yes/no)
0.73
0.43–1.16
0.202
Prehospital metformin use (yes/no)
0.81
0.6–1.11
0.187
Prehospital insulin use (yes/no)
1.29
0.93–1.76
0.120
HbA1c (%)
1.11
0.95–1.28
0.153
CRP on admission (mg/l)
1.01
1.01–1.01
<0.001
1.01
1.00–1.01
<0.001
D-dimer on admission (μg/ml)
1.04
1.02–1.06
<0.001
1.01
0.98–1.05
0.562
Creatinine on admission (mmol/l)
1.00
1.00–1.00
0.60
Glycemia on admission (mmol/L)
1.05
1.02–1.07
<0.001
Glycemia on admission over 10 mmol/L (yes/no)
2.32
1.64–3.29
<0.001
1.87
1.20–2.92
0.006
WBC (103/mm3)
1.01
1.0–1.02
0.046
1.02
0.96–1.05
0.307
Antiplatelet drugs use (yes/no)
1.7
1.2–2.39
0.002
0.98
0.58–1.70
0.939
ACEI/ARB use (yes/no)
0.81
0.54–1.17
0.267
Beta-blocker use (yes/no)
1.45
1.07–1.96
0.016
0.79
0.49–1.27
0.332
CCB use (yes/no)
1.16
0.78–1.68
0.461
Loop diuretics use (yes/no)
30.36
18.53–53.4
<0.001
47.92
23.34–98.41
<0.001
Thiazide diuretics use (yes/no)
0.41
0.19–0.78
0.012
0.30
0.11–0.86
0.025
Statin use (yes/no)
0.99
0.67–1.45
0.971
^BMI variable was not used in multivariable analysis due to many data missing; BMI, body mass index; HF, heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; CCB, calcium-channel blockers; CRP, C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood count; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; Nagelkerke’s R2 = 46.4%.
