| Study | Model | Treatment (powder) | Duration | Outcomes | Reference |
| In vivo | STZ-induced diabetic rats | 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 1 weeks | ↓FBG, atherogenic index | [30] | ↓TG, TC, LDL, VLDL | ↑HDL | ↓BP |
| In vivo | STZ-induced diabetic rats | 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 12 weeks | Improved LV performance and myocardial relaxation | [31] |
| In vivo | Alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic rats | 15 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 8 weeks | ↓FBG, atherogenic index, cardiac risk ratio | [32] | ↓TG, TC, LDL, VLDL | ↑HDL |
| In vivo | Mouse model of type 1 diabetes | 50 and 150 mg/kg/day | 24 days | ↓FBG, body weight | [33] | CoQ10 | 3 days | ↓Lipid peroxidation |
| In vivo | l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats | 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 6 weeks | ↓SBP, DBP, MAP | [34] | ↓TC, LDL, MDA, TNF-α | ↑TAC |
| In vivo | Type 2 diabetes db/db mouse | 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 10 weeks | ↓ Superoxide generation | [35] | ↓Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis | ↓Diastolic dysfunction |
| In vivo | Mice diabetic cardiomyopathy | 10 mg/kg, 3 times/week CoQ10 | 8 weeks | ↓MDA | [36] | ↓Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis | ↓Diastolic dysfunction | ↓Expression of ANP |
| In vivo | Hypertensive rats with fructose-fed | 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 4 weeks | ↓BP | [37] | ↓ROS | ↑SOD |
| In vivo | STZ-induced diabetic rats | 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 2 weeks | ↑CAT, GPx, GR | [38] |
| In vivo | Rats with myocardial infarction | Pretreated with 20 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 1 weeks | ↓LV infarct area | [39] | ↓TNF-α, IL-6 | ↑SOD, GPx |
| In vivo | STZ-induced diabetic rats | 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 1 weeks | ↑Erythrocyte GSH, GSH-Px activity | [40] | ↑HDL | ↓Heart tissue lipid peroxidation, FBG, TC, TG |
| In vivo | STZ-induced diabetic rats | 10 mg/kg/day CoQ10 | 8 weeks | ↓FBS, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL | [41] | ↓Oxidation protein products | ↓DNA impairment | ↑NO, HDL |
| In vitro | High glucose-induced EPC | 10 μM CoQ10 | 24 hours | ↓ROS | [42] | ↓Caspase-3, ↑Bcl-2 | ↑Mitochondrial membrane potential | ↑eNOS and HO-1 expression |
| In vitro | oxLDL-induced oxidative stress in HUVEC | 20 μM CoQ10 | 24 hours | ↓ROS | [22] | ↓IL-8, NF-κB, COX-2 expression | ↑CAT, SOD | ↑eNOS, ↓iNOS | ↑Bcl-2/BAX |
| In vitro | AngII-induced oxidative stress in HUVEC | 10 μM CoQ10 | 24 hours | ↓ROS | [23] | ↑NO, SOD, GPx | ↓NOX2, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 |
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ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; AngII, angiotensin II; BP, blood pressure; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; CAT, catalase; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GSH, glutathione; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; IL-8, interleukin 8; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; l-NAME, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; LV, left ventricular; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MDA, malondialdehyde; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; NOX2, NADPH oxidase 2; NO, nitric oxide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.
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