Associations of Combined Exposure to Metabolic and Inflammatory Indicators with Thyroid Nodules in Adults: A Nested Case-Control Study
Table 1
Characteristics and metabolic/inflammatory indicators of the study population.
Variables
Total
Thyroid nodules
Nonthyroid nodules
χ2/t
value
Total (%)
4655
931 (20.00)
3724 (80.00)
Gender (%)
0.08
0.775
Male
1806 (38.80)
362 (20.20)
1441 (79.80)
Female
2849 (61.20)
566 (19.90)
2283 (80.10)
Age (years, %)
2.02
0.569
<30
722 (15.50)
146 (20.20)
576 (79.80)
30–39
1265 (27.20)
238 (18.80)
1027 (81.20)
40–49
1234 (26.50)
246 (19.90)
988 (80.10)
≥50
1434 (30.80)
301 (21.00)
1133 (79.00)
BMI (kg/m2, %)
11.78
0.008
<18.5
227 (4.90)
33 (14.50)
194 (85.50)
18.5–23.9
2525 (54.20)
477 (18.90)
2048 (81.10)
24.0–27.9
1503 (32.30)
336 (22.40)
1167 (77.60)
≥28.0
400 (8.60)
85 (21.30)
315 (78.80)
Smoking (%)ab
No
1292 (27.80)
245 (19.00)
1047 (81.00)
2.10
0.350
Yes
372 (8.00)
69 (18.50)
303 (81.50)
Missing
2991 (64.30)
617 (20.60)
2374 (79.40)
Drinking (%)ab
No
1133 (24.30)
219 (19.30)
914 (80.70)
7.68
0.422
Yes
528 (11.30)
95 (18.00)
433 (82.00)
Missing
2994 (63.20)
617 (20.60)
2377 (79.40)
Diabetes (%)c
4.99
0.025
No
4504 (96.80)
890 (19.80)
3614 (80.20)
Yes
151 (3.20)
41 (27.20)
110 (72.80)
Hypertension (%)d
7.41
0.006
No
3591 (77.10)
687 (19.10)
2904 (80.90)
Yes
1064 (22.90)
244 (22.90)
820 (77.10)
Metabolic indicators
TC (mmol/L)
4.82 ± 0.89
4.87 ± 0.94
4.81 ± 0.88
−1.81
0.070
LDL (mmol/L)
2.73 ± 0.67
2.77 ± 0.69
2.71 ± 0.66
−2.22
0.027
TG (mmol/L)
1.39 ± 0.94
1.44 ± 0.96
1.38 ± 0.96
−1.80
0.072
HDL (mmol/L)
1.44 ± 0.29
1.43 ± 0.29
1.45 ± 0.29
1.46
0.144
FBG (mmol/L)
5.26 ± 0.76
5.31 ± 0.77
5.24 ± 0.76
−2.50
0.013
UA (mmol/L)
332.80 ± 87.37
335.89 ± 87.73
332.03 ± 87.27
−1.20
0.228
SBP (mmHg)
125.06 ± 18.35
126.84 ± 18.84
124.61 ± 18.20
−3.31
0.001
DBP (mmHg)
75.67 ± 11.80
76.75 ± 11.90
75.40 ± 11.76
−3.13
0.002
Inflammatory indicators
WBC (109 cells/L)
6.08 ± 1.47
6.20 ± 1.46
6.05 ± 1.47
−2.65
0.008
M (109 cells/L)
0.35 ± 0.11
0.35 ± 0.11
0.34 ± 0.11
−1.88
0.060
B (109 cells/L)
0.03 ± 0.02
0.03 ± 0.02
0.03 ± 0.02
−1.26
0.270
E (109 cells/L)
0.14 ± 0.11
0.14 ± 0.11
0.14 ± 0.11
0.51
0.613
L (109 cells/L)
1.99 ± 0.57
2.02 ± 0.55
2.00 ± 0.57
−1.68
0.092
N (109 cells/L)
3.58 ± 1.12
3.66 ± 1.12
3.56 ± 1.12
−2.47
0.013
BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; FBG: fasting blood glucose; UA: uric acid; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; WBC: white blood cell; M: monocyte; B: basophil; E: eosinophil; L: lymphocyte; N: neutrophil. aDue to the missing covariate data, subgroup totals may not sum to the total sample population. bThe chi-square values were calculated without including missing values. cDiabetes was identified by a fasting blood glucose level of ≥7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL). dHypertension was identified by a SBP of ≥140 mmHg or a DBP of ≥90 mmHg. Bold values indicate statistical significance, P < 0.05.
