Theoretical and Experimental Study of Copper Electrodeposition in a Modified Hull Cell

Figure 11

Comparison of experimental determined normalized deposit thickness distribution () with numerically calculated primary, secondary, and tertiary current distributions () for modified Hull cell during Cu electrodeposition carried out at different applied average current densities of (a) 2, (b) 4.1, and (c) 8.2 mA cm⁻².

(a)

(b)

(c)