Review Article

Carbon Nanoelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitters

Table 1

Carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for detection of dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. The table is reproduced with permission from [19].

SensorMethodAnalyteLOD

Carbon nanotube-based sensors
CONH2-CNT/CFMEFSCVDA0.13 μM
COOH-CNT/CFMEFSCVDA0.18 μM
SWCNT forest/CFMEsFSCVDA0.017 μM
Helical CNTs GCEDifferential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)DA0.8 μM
AA0.92 μM
UA1.5 μM
PDDA/Helical CNT/GCEDPVDA0.08 μM
AA0.12 μM
UA0.22 μM
CNT yarn disk electrodeFSCVDA0.021 μM
CNTYMEsFSCVDA0.01 μM
CNF/GCEDPVDA0.05 μM
s-SWCNT/PETFETDA10−12  μM
Graphene based sensors
Craphite oxide bulk/CPEDPVDA0.015 μM
UA2.7 μM
Graphene flower/CFEDPVDA0.5 μM
AA24.7 μM
UA2 μM
3D graphene foam electrodeAmperometryDA0.025 μM
SWCNH/GCELSVDA0.06 μM
AA5 μM
UA0.02 μM
Whole Graphene solution-gated graphene transistorSGGTDA0.001 μM
AA0.01 μM
UA0.03 μM
N-doped carbon based sensors
N-doped graphene/SPCECVDA0.93 μM
N-CNRs-Nafion/GCEDPVDA0.0089 μM
N-PCNPs/GCEDPVDA0.011 μM
AA0.74 μM
UA0.021 μM
Polymer coatings
PEDOT/RGO/GCEAmperometryDA0.039 μM
PEDOT/CNT/CPEDPVDA0.020 μM
PEI/CNT/CFMEFSCVDA0.005 μM
Gr/(PDDA–[PSS-MWCNTs]) graphite electrode, LBLAmperometryDA0.15 μM
CNP/functionalized silicate particles/ITO, LBLDPVDA0.125 μM
PANANA–MIPs/GCEDPVDA0.0033 μM
MIPs-Craphene/GCEDPVDA10−5  μM
PPy/CNTs-MIPs/GCEDPVDA10−5  μM
Indirect detection using enzymes and DNA
Cysteamine/MWCNT–tyrosine–Nafion/Au electrode biosensorAmperometryDA0.003 μM
DPVDA0.05 μM
Uricase/Chitosan/CNT nanofiber/AgNP/Au electrode biosensorAmperometryUA1 μM