A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Electrocatalytic Reduction Effect of Cu²⁺ on Trace Determination of Malathion in Soil and Other Complex Matrices

Figure 1

SW-CSV of malathion in the presence of Cu²⁺ at pH 2 (a), pH 3 (b), pH 7 (c), and pH 9 (d) at HMDE versus Ag/AgCl electrode. Conditions: [Malathion] = 6 × 10⁻⁸ M, [Cu²⁺] = 3.4 × 10⁻⁷ M, E_acc = −0.2 V; t_acc = 120 s; scan rate = 0.1 V/s, 50 mV pulse amplitude, and 60 Hz frequency.