A Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Electrocatalytic Reduction Effect of Cu²⁺ on Trace Determination of Malathion in Soil and Other Complex Matrices

Table 2

Average concentrations of malathion determined in solid (mg g⁻¹) and liquid (mg mL⁻¹) pesticide formulations by the developed SW-CSV (a) and the standard GC-MS (b) methods.

Pesticide formulations	Function	A	B
Solid	Average RSD	3.3 ± 0.05 1.5	3.1 ± 0.08 2.6
	t valueF value	1.11 (2.78) 1.79 (6.39)
Liquid	Average% RSD	2.1 ± 0.03 1.4	2.3 ± 0.05 2.1
	t value F value	1.06 (2.78) 1.02 (6.39)

Average (n = 5) ± standard deviation. The cited percentages of malathion in the solid and liquid formulations are 3.2 mg g⁻¹ and 2.1 mg mL⁻¹, respectively. The theoretical values of t and F at P = 0.05 are given in parentheses.