Long-Term Impact Evaluation of Ground-Base Skidding on Residual Damaged Trees in the Hyrcanian Forest, Iran

Table 9

Percentage of damaged tree species in 8 m alongside skid trail.

Age lass

1–5 yr

5–10 yr

10–15 yr

15–20 yr

Traffic intensity

*L

*M

*H

L

M

H

L

M

H

L

M

H

Alnus sub cordate

**NR

NR

2.04

NR

5.13

10.26

NR

NR

NR

NR

3.03

6.06

Carpinus betulus

10.20

NR

12.24

NR

5.13

02.57

NR

NR

NR

6.06

3.03

3.03

Fagus orientalis

20.41

24.49

28.57

25.64

25.64

25.64

25

42.31

32.69

33.33

12.12

33.33

Quercus castanifoli

NR

2.04

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

All above values are percent in each treatment.
**NR namely that, in these location mention species is not recorded.