Documentation of Significant Losses in Cornus florida L. Populations throughout the Appalachian Ecoregion
Table 1
Estimates of mean county level dogwood populations for times 1 and 2, mean difference, relative mean difference, and result of ANCOVA for each FIA regional unit.
Time 1
Time 2
ANCOVA(3)
State
FIA Unit Name
n (1)
Mean(2)
SE
Mean
SE
Difference
Time effect
Covariate effect
trees
percent
F(1,n)
P-value
F(1,n)
P-value
Alabama
West Central
9
20,695,764
3,274,020
10,031,008
2,016,787
.0032
.0472
(1990–2006)(4)
North Central
15
21,507,327
2,943,946
13,406,251
1,840,435
.0054
North
10
9,244,358
1,878,898
2,912,652
805,238
.0003
.0084
Georgia
North Central
32
7,313,091
805,778
4,458,056
577,459
<.0001
<.0001
(1989–2005)
Northern
21
13,073,967
1,412,887
7,310,997
944,318
<.0001
<.0001
Kentucky
Eastern
8
10,306,397
1,743,985
6,442,801
1,630,781
.0201
(1988–2005)
Northern Cumberland
13
9,990,609
1,275,932
4,001,196
800,892
.0002
Southern Cumberland
12
13,763,014
2,296,954
7,067,097
938,907
.0003
.0033
Bluegrass
23
1,039,546
424,357
974,558
198,036
.5308
Pennyroyal
20
5,654,549
833,179
4,102,760
724,316
.0115
.0002
Maryland
Central
14
3,056,785
868,256
854,696
355,430
.0202
(1986–2005)
Western
2
6,446,816
4,483,348
2,721,425
2,721,425
NewJersey
New Jersey
10
1,988,159
832,293
1,056,032
670,973
(1987–2005)
NewYork
Lake Plain
4
888,319
647,869
391,994
391,994
(1993–2003)
Southwest Highlands
3
979,608
393,482
21,541
21,541
South-Central Highlands
6
845,510
262,091
0
0
.0176
Catskill-Lower Hudson
7
2,637,366
668,206
446,236
218,787
.0139
NorthCarolina
Piedmont
35
12,946,425
1,185,717
6,299,325
678,232
<.0001
<.0001
(1984–2005)
Mountains
21
15,561,452
2,239,385
3,889,770
1,055,649
<.0001
.0006
Ohio
South-Central
10
12,575,259
3,327,952
2,949,358
917,571
.0005
.0065
(1991–2005)
Southeastern
7
16,271,863
3,664,634
4,594,509
820,116
.0051
East-Central
11
9,344,192
1,808,647
3,547,333
1,074,389
.0057
Northeastern
14
2,358,145
635,583
542,080
168,966
.0114
Southwestern
10
2,640,831
1,469,844
468,895
210,824
.0204
.0060
Northwestern
8
1,822,098
797,893
266,995
185,833
.0240
.0177
Pennsylvania
South Central
9
4,059,553
803,890
1,012,088
321,546
.0006
.0489
(1989–2004)
Western
11
6,083,886
1,372,618
2,025,858
646,447
.0062
North Central/Allegheny
12
1,530,963
347,328
1,543,194
649,859
Southwestern
5
6,139,095
3,209,492
1,490,563
1,265,416
Northeastern/Pocono
11
1,476,173
435,794
831,137
548,256
.0267
Southeastern
11
2,750,142
669,852
681,959
269,232
.0009
.0030
SouthCarolina
Piedmont
18
14,121,375
1,782,213
8,456,840
937,465
.0011
.0379
(1986–2006)
Tennessee
Plateau
16
14,451,884
2,345,046
4,144,037
510,643
<.0001
.0027
(1989–2005)
East
27
9,121,866
1,349,548
3,603,451
480,197
<.0001
.0040
Virginia
Southern Piedmont
17
14,397,395
1,386,403
8,384,910
677,451
<.0001
.0004
(1984–2006)
Northern Piedmont
17
11,557,137
1,619,409
4,384,169
785,853
<.0001
<.0001
Northern Mountains
14
12,462,577
1,997,602
2,373,419
576,140
<.0001
<.0001
Southern mountains
17
9,589,499
853,928
3,115,279
508,146
<.0001
<.0001
WestVirginia
Northeastern
18
7,646,410
1,342,850
2,716,840
942,141
.0054
(1989–2005)
Southern
14
15,904,120
1,773,008
2,106,411
696,818
<.0001
Northwestern
19
8,519,707
1,562,666
4,188,189
1,043,101
.0012
<.0001
(1)Number of counties located within the unit. (2)Mean number of dogwood stems greater than 1-inch diameter in counties located within the unit. (3)Type III tests comparing time 1 county-level estimates to time 2 county-level estimates with change in stand density as the covariate. (4)Inventory year associated with each state for both time 1 and time 2.