Seed Bank Variation under Contrasting Site Quality Conditions in Mixed Oak Forests of Southeastern Ohio, USA

Table 3

Frequency of occurrence (% of samples) for aboveground understory (herbaceous and woody seedling) and seed bank species in revegetating clearcut (CC) and second-growth (SG) forest samples by aspect category at WWRS. Only species with frequencies >12% across all stand/aspect categories are shown. Asterisk (*) indicates a nonnative species.

	Aboveground						Seed Bank
	CC			SG			CC			SG
Species	SW	INT	NE	SW	INT	NE	SW	INT	NE	SW	INT	NE
Annual or Biennial Herbs
Acalypha rhomboidea								2.9		4.9	18.5	14.3
Amphicarpaea bracteata	24.2	32.4	34.5	26.8	44.4	46.4					3.7
Erechtites hieracifolia							39.4	26.5	31.0	29.3	18.5	39.3
Galium aparine	3.0	14.7	82.8	4.9	51.9	25.0
Lobelia inflata		11.8	3.5
*Solanum nigrum							3.0		13.8	2.4	3.7
*Verbascum thapsus							3.0		6.9			3.6
Perennial Herbs
Anemonella thalictroides	3.0	5.9	17.2	2.4	7.4	17.9
Antennaria plantaginifolia		5.9						2.9	24.1
Arisaema triphyllum		2.9	34.5		18.5	21.4
Aristolochia serpentaria		8.8	3.5		14.8	3.6
Aster divaricatus	51.5	55.9	3.5	29.3	37.0	50.0
Aster lateriflorus	57.6	76.5	24.1	24.4	33.3	7.1
Aster undulatus	15.2	14.7		4.9	14.8	7.1
Boehmeria cylindrica	3.0	5.9	17.2	9.8	40.7	17.9
Botrychium dissectum		2.9	6.9		11.1
Cardamine concatenata		5.9	13.8	2.4	7.4	35.7
*Cardamine hirsuta		14.7	34.5						6.0
Cimicifuga racemosa		2.9	10.3		3.7	50.0
Circaea lutetiana			13.8		3.7
Cunila origanoides		23.5		12.2
Desmodium glutinosum	33.3	35.3	44.8	31.7	74.1	64.3
Dioscorea villosa		2.9	3.5			14.3
Dryopteris marginalis	6.1	2.9	3.5			7.1
Eupatorium serotinum		5.9			33.3			11.8	3.5	2.4	11.1
Galium circaezans		5.9	27.6	9.8	40.7	28.6
Geranium maculatum		8.8	24.1	4.9	18.5	35.7
Geum canadense			3.5	2.4	40.7
Goodyera pubescens		11.8		7.3
Hedyotis caerulea	9.1	5.9		4.9
Helianthus divaricatus		11.8	3.5		7.4
Heuchera americana	3.0	14.7	13.8									3.5
Hieracium venosum	9.1			4.9
Hydrophyllum macrophyllum				2.4	3.7
Lespedeza hirta	18.2	5.9
Lysimachia quadrifolia	30.3	32.4	6.9	29.3	18.5	14.3
Monotropa uniflora				2.4	3.7	10.7
Onoclea sensibilis	3.0	8.8	6.9			3.6
Orchis spectabilis			3.5		11.1
Osmorhiza claytonii			37.9		29.6	32.1
Oxalis violacea		2.9			11.1
Phytolacca americana	3.0		3.5				3.0	11.8	20.7	2.4		3.6
Podophyllum peltatum		11.8	13.8		14.1	7.1
Polygonatum pubescens	15.2	23.5	17.2	31.7	18.5	53.6
Polygonum virginianum		5.9	6.9
Polystichum acrostichoides	27.3	38.2	34.5	2.4	37.4	21.4
Porteranthus stipulatus	12.1	2.9		4.9
Potentilla simplex	45.5	61.8	20.7	26.8	29.3	7.1		5.9		4.9	7.4	3.6
Prenanthes altissima	3.0	14.7	6.9	4.9	18.2	10.7						3.6
Sanicula canadensis			3.5	4.9	37.0
Smilacina racemosa	9.1	17.7	17.2	19.5	11.1	25.0
Solidago canadensis							6.0	11.8	6.9
*Taraxacum officinale	6.1	14.7	3.5	2.4
Tiarella cordifolia			6.9		3.7	21.4
*Trifolium repens							3.0	23.5			3.7
Trillium grandiflorum		2.9	3.5			10.7
Uvularia perfoliata		11.8	10.3	7.3	22.2	25.0
Vicia caroliniana		23.5	17.2
Viola palmata	3.0	5.9	17.2
Viola sororia	30.3	44.1	44.8	22.0	48.2	14.3	3.0	2.9	3.5		3.7	7.1
Graminoids
Agrostis perennans							6.1	14.7	3.5
Bromus pubescens		8.8	13.8	4.9	11.1	10.7
Carex digitalis	60.6	61.8	6.9	31.7	18.5	3.6	12.1	29.4	3.5	4.9	18.5	10.7
Carex laxiflora	12.1	35.3	51.7	7.3	25.9	21.4	9.1	5.9	24.1	4.9	7.4	17.9
Juncus tenuis		11.8					9.1	26.5	3.5	2.4	7.4
Luzula echinata		5.9		7.3
Muhlenbergia schreberi								2.9	6.9	2.4	3.7
Panicum boscii							3.0	8.8		12.2	7.4
Panicum clandestinum	39.4	35.3	10.3	12.2	18.5		27.3	14.7	10.3	14.6
Panicum dichotomum	24.2	5.9		17.1	3.7	3.6	45.5	17.7	3.5	14.6	7.4	10.7
Poa sp.	18.2	26.5	3.5	19.5	22.2	7.1
Shrubs and Trees
Acer rubrum	48.5	55.9	41.4	85.4	70.4	75.0				2.4
Amelanchier arborea	3.0	2.9		7.3	7.4	7.1
Carya spp.	18.2	2.9	13.8	14.6	14.8	14.3
Cornus florida	9.1	20.6	3.5	12.2	3.7	3.6		2.9
Fagus grandifolia	12.1	2.9		2.4
Fraxinus americana			10.3	2.4	3.7	25.0
Gaylussacia baccata	18.2			7.3
Lindera benzoin		5.9	44.8		14.8
Liriodendron tulipifera	66.7	61.8	34.5	29.3	33.3	10.7	6.1	5.9	3.5	2.4	25.9	35.7
Nyssa sylvatica	27.3	8.8	10.3	17.1	18.5	14.3		2.9
Prunus serotina	6.1	20.6	17.2	9.8	7.4	7.1
Quercus alba	18.2			4.9
Quercus prinus	36.4	26.5	13.8	51.2	25.9	21.4		2.9		2.4		3.6
Quercus rubra	24.2	26.5	24.1	39.0	29.6	21.4
Quercus velutina	30.3		13.8
Rhus copallinum	15.2	14.7	3.5					8.8	3.5		7.4
Rhus glabra	3.0	5.9					3.0	5.9	6.9	4.9	11.1	14.3
*Rosa multiflora	3.0	23.5	27.6	9.8	18.5	7.1
Rubus occidentalis							3.0	14.7	31.0		7.4	3.6
Rubus pensilvanicus	78.8	73.5	51.7	14.6	33.3	14.3	6.1	5.9	20.7			7.1
Sassafras albidum	66.7	55.9	20.7	80.5	70.4	28.6				2.4	7.4	3.6
Ulmus rubra					40.7	3.6
Vaccinium pallidum	75.8	23.5		43.9
Vaccinium stamineum	27.3	14.7		43.9	14.8	3.6
Viburnum acerifolium	3.0	11.8	41.4	9.8	37.0	60.7
Woody Vines
*Celastrus orbiculatus		5.9	6.9	2.4	7.4	7.1
Parthenocissus quinquefolia	12.1	44.1	44.8	19.5	51.9	50.0		2.9
Smilax glauca	30.3	17.7	13.8	43.9	44.4	3.6
Smilax rotundifolia	81.8	55.9	48.3	70.7	44.4	32.1	6.1				3.7	3.6
Toxicodendron radicans		8.8	3.5		3.7	10.7
Vitis vulpina	42.4	35.3	58.6	19.5	14.8	14.3	6.1	2.9	3.5	7.3	14.8	7.1