Research Article

How Family Forest Owners Consider Timber Harvesting, Land Sale, and Conservation Easement Decisions: Insights from Massachusetts, USA

Table 4

Explanatory variables used in the empirical models for estimating three types of decisions: selling timber (DECISIONTIMBER), selling land (DECISIONLAND), and donating or selling a conservation easement (DECISIONCE).

Variable nameDescriptionMean (Std. Dev.)

ACREContinuous-log of acres of forestland owned3.60 (0.97)
TENUREOrdinal-four categories: 1 if 1–5 yrs, 2 if 6–10 yrs, 3 if 11–20 yrs, 4 if >20 yrs3.12 (1.08)
ABSENTEEBinary-1 if a respondent was an absentee owner; 0 otherwise0.27 (0.44)
AGEOrdinal-four categories: 1 if <30 yrs, 2 if 30–50 yrs, 3 if 51–65 yrs, 4 if >65 yrs2.96 (0.74)
EDUOrdinal-five categories: 1 if some high school, 2 if high school, 3 if some college, 4 if college graduate, 5 if beyond college3.74 (1.18)
TRAILBinary-1 if a respondent considered putting a trail through his/her land in the past five yrs; 0 otherwise0.44 (0.50)
POSTBinary-1 if a respondent considered posting land and denying public access in the past five yrs; 0 otherwise0.46 (0.50)
COOPBinary-1 if a respondent considered cooperation with neighboring landowners or was contacted by a neighbor in the past five yrs; 0 otherwise0.33 (0.47)
PROFRESContinuous-higher value indicates higher importance of professional advice and research in landowner decision making (PC loadings, Table 2)0.00 (1.00)
OWNEXPOrdinal-five categories: higher values indicates higher importance of “own knowledge and experience” in landowner decision making3.50 (1.11)
FAMFRIOrdinal-five categories: higher values indicates higher importance of “advice from a family member or friend” in landowner decision making2.96 (1.21)
GREENContinuous-higher value indicates a stronger environmentally and socially responsible attitude towards forestland (PC loadings, Table 1)0.00 (1.00)
LANDPAYOrdinal-five categories: 1 if strongly disagree with the statement “land must provide a return to cover the expenses associated with ownership,” 2 if disagree, 3 if neutral, 4 if agree, 5 if strongly agree2.98 (1.18)
AMENITYContinuous-higher value indicates amenity-oriented reasons for owning forestland (PC loadings, Table 3)0.00 (1.00)
INCUSEContinuous-higher value indicates forest income and products-oriented reasons for owning forestland (PC loadings, Table 3)0.00 (1.00)
INVESTOrdinal-five categories: higher values indicates higher importance of financial investment as a reason for owning forestland2.87 (1.28)
NATUREOrdinal-five categories: higher values indicates higher importance of leaving land unmanaged and letting nature take its course as a reason for owning forestland2.75 (1.32)