Conceptual and Empirical Themes regarding the Design of Technology Transfer Programs: A Review of Wood Utilization Research in the United States

Table 3

Users perspectives on the conditions constraining the use of information provided by forestry research.

Constraint on use of research	User perspective on cause of constraint
-Unaware of new technology or innovation	-Poor dissemination of research results, inadequate user involvement in research processes, and large supply of competing or contradictory information.
-Sources of new technology or innovation lack credibility	-Lack of influential partners or clients, lack of familiarity with producers of research, uncertain credibility of technology’s science, and research findings contrary to conventional wisdom.
-Poor fit for new technology or innovation	-Research results address a low-priority problem, technology inflexible or difficult to adapt, inappropriate format-presentation of research results, and lack of user involvement in development of new technology.
-Inadequate understanding of new technology or innovation	-Unclear purposes or possible application of new technology, insufficient capacity of user to use new technology, and poor format and presentation of new technology.
-Unaware of problem requiring application of new technology or innovation	-Lack of information about a problem requiring new technology, lack of capacity to diagnose a problem in need of new technology, and problem disregarded by user.
-Inappropriate timing for application of new technology or innovation	-Technology available but conflicts with conventional wisdom, limited window of opportunity for using new technology.
-Lack of enabling conditions or incentives to use new technology or innovation	-Lack of capacity to implement new technology, inadequate incentives to adopt new technology.

Source: adapted from [29].