International Journal of Forestry Research

Research Article

Land Use and Land Cover Change, and Woody Vegetation Diversity in Human Driven Landscape of Gilgel Tekeze Catchment, Northern Ethiopia

Table 4

Vegetation attributes for sample plots across different land use and land cover types in Dega (a), Weyna Dega (b), and Kolla (c). Agroecological zone and significant levels from two-way ANOVA with equal sample size tests.

(a)


Variable	Agroecological Zone—Dega (D)					4,30	value
Variable	Forest land (FLD)	Shrub-bush land (SBLD)	Grazing land (GLD)	Settlement land (SLD)	Cultivated land (CLD)	4,30	value

Tree density in Ha	1619.42 ± 129.45^a	283.33 ± 89.26^cd	130.58 ± 25.81^cd	1050 ± 85.22^b	270.83 ± 191.51^cd	2.69	<0.0001
Shrub density in Ha	291.67 ± 82.50^de	850 ± 100.17^b	272.25 ± 87.81^de	308.33 ± 119.25^de	277.08 ± 100.17^de	2.69	<0.0001
Sapling density in Ha	183.25 ± 20.41^efg	113.92 ± 20.81^bcdef	69.47 ± 10.38^fg	147.2 ± 27.43^a	0^g	2.69	<0.0001
Dead tree in Ha	77.75 ± 27.42^cd	27.75 ± 3.89^e	44.25 ± 6.18^de	137.08 ± 15.06^b	5.58 ± 7.89^e	2.69	<0.0001
Tree height (m)	10.15 ± 1.59^a	1.86 ± 0.07^c	3.1 ± 0.31^bc	3.14 ± 0.41^bc	4.33 ± 3.29^bc	2.69	<0.0001
Shrub height (m)	1.67 ± 0.277^ab	1.4 ± 0.10^ab	1.59 ± 0.17^ab	1.33 ± 0.09^abc	1.0 ± 0.22^bc	2.69	0.0113
Woody species diversity (H′)	1.11 ± 0.27^e	1.5 ± 0.04^bcde	1.25 ± 0.06^de	1.19 ± 0.10^e	2.0 ± 0.33^a	2.69	0.5794

Values with different superscript letters within rows differ significantly (Tukey’s HSD; ).

(b)


Variable	Agro-Ecological Zone—Weyna Dega (WD)					4,30	value
Variable	Forest land (FLWD)	Shrub-bush land (SBLWD)	Grazing land (GLWD)	Settlement land (SLWD)	Cultivated (CLWD)	4,30	value

Tree density in Ha	1150 ± 55.67^b	366.67 ± 37.82^c	227.75 ± 39.82^cd	377.75 ± 32.18^c	93.75 ± 85.23^cd	2.69	<0.0001
Shrub density in Ha	425 ± 122.71^cd	1291.67 ± 75.73^a	705.5 ± 122.55^bc	483.33 ± 69.08^cd	437.5 ± 26.52^cd	2.69	<0.0001
Sapling density in Ha	183.25 ± 20.41^b	113.92 ± 20.8^bcdef	69.42 ± 10.38^cdefg	147.25 ± 27.43^bcd	0^g	2.69	<0.0001
Dead tree in Ha	41.75 ± 8.98^de	91.75 ± 8.15^bc	20.42 ± 5.19^e	34.25 ± 5.76^de	13.9 ± 4.01^e	2.69	<0.0001
Tree height (m)	7.91 ± 1.31^ab	2.5 ± 0.14^c	2.06 ± 0.28^c	2.57 ± 0.17^c	2 ± 1.78^c	2.69	<0.0001
Shrub height (m)	1.7 ± 0.09^a	1.76 ± 0.24^a	1.71 ± 0.14^a	1.66 ± 0.26^ab	0.75 ± 0.25^c	2.69	0.0113
Woody species diversity (H′)	2. ± 0.33^a	2.54 ± 0.14^ab	2.28 ± 0.11^abc	2.59 ± 0.21^a	2.07 ± 0.29^abcde	2.69	0.5794

Values with different superscript letters within rows differ significantly (Tukey’s HSD; ).

(c)


Variable	Agro-Ecological Zone—Kolla (K)					4,30	value
Variable	Forest land (FLK)	Shrub-bush land (SBLK)	Grazing land (GLK)	Settlement land (SLK)	Cultivated land (CLK)	4,30	value

Tree density in Ha	936.08 ± 23.97^b	388.92 ± 20.80^c	169.47 ± 27.54^cd	175 ± 40.82^cd	55.58 ± 39.89^d	2.69	<0.0001
Shrub density in Ha	386.1 ± 68.19d^e	1333.33 ± 105.60^a	414.25 ± 16.63^cd	361.08 ± 25.74^de	86.08 + 30.68^e	2.69	<0.0001
Sapling density in Ha	327.75 ± 21.84^a	155.5 ± 37.45^bc	66.67 ± 6.84^defg	119.42 ± 28.27^bcde	33.33 ± 23.57^efg	2.69	<0.0001
Dead tree in Ha	35.5 ± 1.95^de	209.25 ± 18.93^a	20.33 ± 14.55^e	8.33 ± 11.79^e	28.67 ± 17.06^e	2.69	<0.0001
Tree height (m)	4.27 ± 0.37^bc	2.17 ± 0.12^c	1.93 ± 0.19^c	1.03 ± 0.05^c	4.6 ± 3.28^bc	2.69	<0.0001
Shrub height (m)	1.6 ± 0.06^ab	1.41 ± 0.09^ab	1.25 ± 0.09^abc	1.73 ± 0.06^a	1.3 ± 0.04^abc	2.69	0.0113
Woody species diversity (H′)	2.61 ± 0.75^a	2.67 ± 0.11^a	2.25 ± 0.09^abcd	2.54 + 0.21^ab	1. ± 0.29^e	2.69	0.5794

Values with different superscript letters within rows differ significantly (Tukey’s HSD; ).