Selective Herbicides for Cultivation of Eucalyptus urograndis Clones

Table 4

ANOVA/ANCOVA¹   values for the percentage of Eucalyptus urograndis trees showing no or minor injury symptoms at 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment (DAT), for survival and stem volume index (SVI) at the end of the first growing season, and for five herbicides applied at two rates and two application timings over newly planted rooted cuttings of two E. urograndis clones.

Factor	Dependent variable
	Percentage of trees with no or minor injury symptoms^2			Survival	SVI^3
	30 DAT	60 DAT	90 DAT
Application timing (AT)^4	<0.0001	0.240	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Herbicide (herb)^5	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Rate^6	0.080	0.047	0.294	0.947	0.364
Clone^7	0.757	0.736	0.634	0.666	0.781
AT × herb	<0.0001	0.024	0.000	<0.0001	<0.0001
AT × rate	0.205	0.099	0.073	0.947	0.217
AT × clone	0.426	0.495	0.816	0.666	0.178
Herb × rate	0.592	0.102	0.872	1.000	0.134
Herb × clone	0.743	0.898	0.943	0.944	0.963
Rate × clone	0.620	0.626	0.855	0.482	0.495
AT × herb × rate	0.765	0.069	0.565	1.000	0.386
AT × herb × clone	0.135	0.978	0.391	0.944	0.216
AT × rate × clone	0.514	0.405	0.666	0.482	0.931
Herb × rate × clone	0.818	0.394	0.469	0.738	0.841
AT × herb × rate × clone	0.879	0.802	0.496	0.738	0.495

ANCOVA was conducted for SVI; ANOVA was conducted for the other variables.
²Slight foliar chlorosis, slight foliar necrosis, and slight defoliation were considered minor injury symptoms, whereas any observed fasciculation, lateral shoot dieback, and leader dieback were not regarded as minor.
³Stem volume index (SVI) = ; GLD₅ = outside bark stem diameter 5 cm above the ground; = live stem height.
⁴PRE weed emergence or POST weed emergence.
⁵Flumioxazin, imazamox, imazapic, oxyfluorfen, or sulfometuron methyl.
⁶Rate = low or high relative rate.
⁷Two ArborGen proprietary transgenetic FTE (frost tolerant eucalyptus) clones.