Research Article

A Hidden Pitfall for REDD: Analysis of Power Relation in Participatory Forest Management on Whether It Is an Obstacle or a Reliever on REDD Pathway

Box 1

Unstructured interview conducted with two staff members from Kondoa district responsible for the management of Kolo-Hills forests.
They said “there are some villages that willingly accepted PFM and REDD+ pilot while others resisted REDD+ project.
In Kisese-Disa village the resistance was very strong because of political influence from their Parliamentary
representative member. At first instant a team for REDD+ promoters at Kolo Hills called an audience with district
administrative staff of different fields including the parliamentary representative member and explained their plan to
implement REDD+ pilot project at Kolo-Hills forests. Their proposal was agreed after putting clear the project
objectives and the overall framework for implementation that would involve villages bordering the forests. The
meeting participants agreed to encourage people to adopt the project for their economic benefit from anticipated
carbon credit for conserving the forests. Contrarily that Member of Parliament went back to Kisese-Disa village and
start advocating hateful issues attributed to REDD+ pilot project and the promoters. For that reason this village
resisted REDD+ at their village forest management area.
However REDD+ project administration in collaboration with Kondoa district authority forced this village to accept
and collaborate with other villages in REDD+ project forest management activities including sending representatives
to joint forest guard team. This team is directly accountable to REDD+ pilot project and it is responsible to ensure
protection of overall forests at Kolo Hills. Though Kisese-Disa village maintained their resistance to the REDD+ project,
the forest guard team composed of members from all villages persistently conduct patrol over the whole forest area
under REDD+ pilot including forest areas of villages who refused the project.
Kisese-Disa village wanted to show their disagreement to those who conduct patrol activities at their forest area and
some youngsters of the village were sent by elders to kidnap one of female forest guard member of the joint team
while the team was patrolling at Kisese-Disa forest area. The rest of the team conveyed the kidnapping information to
REDD+ project administration (AWF) and Kondoa district. Immediate support from Kondoa district including the two
of us and armed professional guards from TARANGIRE National park sent by AWF arrived at the event site and start to
search for the guard who was kidnapped. Following that, the Kisese-Disa youngsters immediately decided to release
the guard safely to the forest. When the team tried to communicate to her, she told them she was free and safe.
However the team continued to search for the kidnap suspects up to the evening. Around 8:00pm the armed
Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA) guards from Tarangire National Park together with us started to ambush the
suspects in their home dwellings, forcing whoever found there to hand the suspects. We managed to catch few
suspects and TANAPA staff taught them a lesson. They commanded them to do severe physical exercises to the
extent that some suspects released bowel materials to their clothes unconsciously. Noticing that after taking them
onto their truck, the TANAPA guards ordered them to drop out of the truck and wash it thoroughly and after that they
released them without any court case proceeding on the matter”.
Explaining more on the set strategies to force the village to accept REDD+, they said “we believe it will reach a point
where the troublesome villages will surrender and accept the project since there is a planned persistent silent
punishment of isolating and neglecting them from various social and economic development support from the
district. For instance currently Kisese-Disa village is obliged to participate in protection of Kolo-Hills forests in
collaboration with other villages but it is excluded from beneficiaries of carbon credit and other economic incentives
expected to come through REDD+ programme and PFM”.