Livelihoods and Welfare Impacts of Forest Comanagement

Table 3

Perceived livelihoods status before and after comanagement programme in Zomba-Malosa and Ntchisi.

Livelihoods capitals	Indicators	Percentage response by district				Notes
		Zomba-Malosa; ()		Ntchisi; ()
		Before comanagement	After comanagement	Before comanagement	After comanagement
Natural capital	Better availability of and access to firewood and NTFP	55	24	51	27
	Better availability of and access to timber and pole trees	56	33	71	19
Financial capital	Accessed loans	5	35	0	30	Village banks initiated by the programme
	Saving	7	39	3	24
	Access to new income sources	N/A	31	N/A	32
	(i) Wage labour	N/A	43	N/A	17	During firebreak and forest road constructions
	(ii) Forest based income generating activities	N/A	19	N/A	70	Transport, initial inputs, and materials provided by project
	(iii) Irrigation agriculture	N/A	39	N/A	14	Perceived improvements in water flow due to improved forest condition
Physical capital	Have acquired assets	N/A	36		29	Through participation in wage labour or forest-based business initiated by the programme
Social capital	Participation in communal activity	10	39	20	49
Human capital	Training and skill development	12	76	15	63