Soil Respiration Variations in Temperate Rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum) Forest of Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) in Nepal

Figure 8

Interannual variations of the soil respiration, soil temperature, soil water content, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), litter biomass, and air temperature in October 2016 and 2017 and the average of both years. Nonfilled bar—soil respiration (mg CO₂ m⁻²h⁻¹); gradient filled bar–soil temperature (°C); vertically stripped bar—soil water content (%); dash-typed border nonfilled bar—photosynthetic photon flux density (μ mol m⁻²s⁻¹); dark-coloured filled bar—litter biomass (g. d. w. m⁻²); light coloured filled bar–air temperature (°C).