Epigenetic Dynamics: Role of Epimarks and Underlying Machinery in Plants Exposed to Abiotic Stress

Table 2

Types of Histone demethylases (HDMs).

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (KDM/LSD1)	Jumonji C domain containing proteins (JmjC)
Require flavin as cofactor	Require Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate as cofactors
Remove methyl group from mono- and dimethylated lysines on histone tails.	Remove methylation from mono-, di-, and trimethylated lysines
Four KDM/LSD1 demethylases in Arabidopsis: Flowering locus D (FLD); LSD1 like (LDL1); LDL2; LDL3	Twenty one JmjC-domain proteins are reported in Arabidopsis which are classified into 5 subfamilies: KDM5/JARID1 group; KDM4/JHDM3 group; KDM3/JHDM2 group; JMJD6 group; JmjC-domain only
FLD, LDL1, and LDL2 are involved in flower induction in Arabidopsis through flc repression	KDM4/JHDM3 proteins along with ELF6/JMJ11 (early flowering 6) and REF/JMJ12 (relative of early flowering) control flowering time (Yu et al. 2008) [40],; whereas KDM3/JHDM2 protein, for instance, IBM1/JMJ25 (increase in bonsai methylation), protects active genes from ectopic H3K9me2 and CNG DNA methylation [41]