Review Article
Mechanism of Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Physiological,
Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization
Table 2
Improving plant salt tolerance through engineering genes for various membrane antiporters.
| | Transgenic host | Gene engineered | Source | Improved functions under salinity stress | References |
| | Arabidopsis | Vacuolar
Na+/H+
antiporter Ms
NHX1 | Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) | Increased osmotic balance.
MDA content rises. | [220] |
| | Rice | Vacuolar
Na+/H+
Antiporter Pg
NHX1 | Pennisetum glaucum | Elaborate root system. | [221] |
| | Wheat | Vacuolar
Na+/H+
Antiporter At
NHX1 | Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Increase in grain yield and biomass production.
Accumulation of K+ in leaf.
Reduced aggregation of Na+. | [222] |
| | Tobacco | Vacuolar
Na+/H+
antiporter
GhNHX1 | Gossypium hirsutum | Na+ compartmentalization. | [223] |
| | Tomato | Vacuolar
Na+/H+
antiporter
AtNHX1 | Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Over production of vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter. | [224] |
| | Tobacco | Vacuolar
Na+/H+
antiporter
AlNHXI | Aeluropus littoralis | Compartmentalization of Na in roots.
Maintenance of K+/Na+ ratio in the leaf. | [225] |
| | Brassica | Vacuolar
Na+/H+
antiporter
AtNHX1 | Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Increased proline content.
Improved growth rate.
Mitigate the toxic effect of Na+. | [226] |
| | Arabidopsis | Plasma membrane Na+/H+
antiporter SOS1 | Arabidopsis thaliana L. (wild type) | Improved germination rate, root growth, and chlorophyll content.
Reduced accumulation of Na+. | [227] |
| | Maize | Vacuolar
Na+/H+
antiporter
AtNHX1 | Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Increased rate of germination. | [228] |
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