A Comparison Effect of Copper Nanoparticles versus Copper Sulphate on Juvenile Epinephelus coioides: Growth Parameters, Digestive Enzymes, Body Composition, and Histology as Biomarkers

Table 2

Effect of Cu-NPs and CuSO₄ on whole-body composition (% on wet weight basis) of juvenile Epinephelus coioides after 25-day exposure.

	Control	20 μg Cu L^−1; as CuSO4	20 μg Cu L^−1; as Cu-NPs	100 μg Cu L^−1; as CuSO4	100 μg Cu L^−1; as Cu-NPs
Crude protein (%)	16.11 ± 0.89^a	14.74 ± 0.28^ab	15.94 ± 0.40^a	13.53 ± 0.60^b	14.85 ± 0.29^ab
Crude lipid (%)	7.94 ± 0.46^a	6.87 ± 0.28^b	7.57 ± 0.30^ab	5.30 ± 0.17^c	5.83 ± 0.20^c
Ash (%)	5.03 ± 0.11^b	5.11 ± 0.14^b	5.08 ± 0.10^b	5.83 ± 0.14^a	5.73 ± 0.17^a
Moisture (%)	71.32 ± 0.67^d	73.27 ± 0.30^bc	72.32 ± 0.33^cd	75.34 ± 0.43^a	73.59 ± 0.47^b

Data are means ± S.E.M (n = 3). Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among treatments were indicated by different letters in each row.