Serum and Brain Metabolomic Variations Reveal Perturbation of Sleep Deprivation on Rats and Ameliorate Effect of Total Ginsenoside Treatment

Table 1

Latent period of rats finding hidden platform in Morris water maze experiment (in seconds).

Group	D3 (training)	D4 (SD 24 h)	D5 (SD 48 h)	D6 (SD 72 h)	D7 (SD 96 h)	D8 (SD 120 h)
N	114.67 ± 9.39	80.76 ± 37.69	55.68 ± 31.41	32.05 ± 17.70	23.07 ± 13.12	13.80 ± 8.02
NGS	113.71 ± 11.01	83.26 ± 33.58	57.66 ± 22.88	33.40 ± 22.12	24.33 ± 19.39	14.07 ± 9.86
WP	115.18 ± 5.79	86.54 ± 19.75	57.73 ± 35.76	35.52 ± 15.90	29.78 ± 22.17	19.15 ± 11.78
M	112.66 ± 10.70	94.73 ± 29.35	70.53 ± 26.47	48.53 ± 25.96	34.40 ± 14.74	26.23 ± 15.21
MGS	111.23 ± 9.45	86.93 ± 24.68	57.82 ± 33.55	41.90 ± 19.80	28.41 ± 17.17	20.93 ± 11.57

From experimental day 3 to day 8 (the whole SD period), all rats received 2 times learning trials with 30 min interval in MWM. N: normal control rats; NGS: normal control rats with total ginsenoside (GS) intervention; WP: normal control rats housed on wide platform; M: SD model; MGS: SD model with GS intervention. Normal, WP, and model groups received normal saline solution; NGS and MGS received GS orally at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight from day 1 to day 8. Data were expressed as the latent time (seconds) for each rat finding the hidden platform in test trials, shown as mean ± SD. and , compared to the N group ().